diff --git a/include/minecraft/data.inc b/include/minecraft/data.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77e9177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/minecraft/data.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+static const short index_buffer_configuration_offsets[] = {
+    0,    0,    6,   12,   24,   30,   42,   54,
+   72,   78,   90,  102,  120,  132,  150,  168,
+  192,  198,  210,  222,  240,  252,  270,  288,
+  312,  324,  342,  360,  384,  402,  426,  450,
+  480,  486,  498,  510,  528,  540,  558,  576,
+  600,  612,  630,  648,  672,  690,  714,  738,
+  768,  780,  798,  816,  840,  858,  882,  906,
+  936,  954,  978, 1002, 1032, 1056, 1086, 1116,
+};
+// generated from
+static const struct {
+  short offset;
+  short count;
+} index_buffer_custom_offsets[] = {
+  {1152, 3180}, // candle.obj
+  {4332, 1584}, // custom_mushroom.obj
+  {5916, 36}, // fence.obj
+  {5952, 24}, // slab.obj
+  {5976, 24}, // stair.obj
+  {6000, 12}, // tall_grass.obj
+  {6012, 2082}, // wall_torch.obj
+};
diff --git a/include/minecraft/vulkan.h b/include/minecraft/vulkan.h
index eb73f66..a17e1d3 100644
--- a/include/minecraft/vulkan.h
+++ b/include/minecraft/vulkan.h
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "volk/volk.h"
 
-namespace minecraft {
+#include "minecraft/vulkan/per_world.h"
+
+namespace minecraft::vulkan {
 
   struct vulkan {
     struct {
@@ -31,11 +33,14 @@ namespace minecraft {
     VkShaderModule shaderModule;
     VkPipeline pipeline;
 
+    per_world * worlds;
+
     void init();
     void load_vertex_index_buffer(char const * vertex_filename,
                                   char const * index_filename);
     void load_shader();
     void create_pipeline();
-    void draw();
+    void load_worlds();
+    void draw(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);
   };
 }
diff --git a/include/minecraft/vulkan/per_world.h b/include/minecraft/vulkan/per_world.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6abe2e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/minecraft/vulkan/per_world.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "minecraft/world.h"
+
+namespace minecraft::vulkan {
+  struct region {
+    VkBuffer vertexBuffer;
+    world::instance_cfg_entry * instanceCFG;
+  };
+
+  struct per_world {
+    world::descriptor const * descriptor;
+    region * regions; // malloc region_count
+    VkDeviceMemory regionVertexMemory;
+    entry_table::global_entry_t * entry_table;
+    int entry_table_length;
+
+    void load_regions(VkDevice device,
+                      VkPhysicalDeviceProperties const & physicalDeviceProperties,
+                      VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties const & physicalDeviceMemoryProperties,
+                      world::descriptor const * const descriptor);
+    void load(VkDevice device,
+              VkPhysicalDeviceProperties const & physicalDeviceProperties,
+              VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties const & physicalDeviceMemoryProperties,
+              world::descriptor const * const descriptor);
+  };
+}
diff --git a/include/minecraft/world.h b/include/minecraft/world.h
index 3a708ed..6e021a5 100644
--- a/include/minecraft/world.h
+++ b/include/minecraft/world.h
@@ -26,28 +26,14 @@ namespace minecraft::world {
   };
 
   // also update index_buffer_custom_offsets in include/minecraft_data.inc
-  const int custom_block_types = 7;
-  const int instance_cfg_length = 64 + custom_block_types;
+  constexpr int custom_block_types = 7;
+  constexpr int instance_cfg_length = 64 + custom_block_types;
 
   struct instance_cfg_entry {
     int count;
     int offset;
   };
 
-  struct region {
-    unsigned int per_instance_vertex_buffer;
-    instance_cfg_entry instance_cfg[instance_cfg_length];
-  };
-
-  struct state {
-    world::descriptor const * descriptor;
-    world::region * region; // malloc region_count
-    entry_table::global_entry_t * entry_table;
-    unsigned int light_uniform_buffer;
-    int light_count;
-    int entry_table_length;
-  };
-
   extern descriptor const descriptors[];
   extern int const descriptors_length;
 }
diff --git a/include/popcount.h b/include/popcount.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..580e172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/popcount.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <intrin.h>
+#define __builtin_popcount __popcnt
+#endif
diff --git a/src/minecraft/vulkan.cpp b/src/minecraft/vulkan.cpp
index dc73d8a..ff24d75 100644
--- a/src/minecraft/vulkan.cpp
+++ b/src/minecraft/vulkan.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,18 @@
 #include "file.h"
 #include "check.h"
 #include "vulkan_helper.h"
+#include "new.h"
+#include "popcount.h"
 
 #include "minecraft/vulkan.h"
+#include "minecraft/data.inc"
 
-namespace minecraft {
+namespace minecraft::vulkan {
+
+  static inline int popcount(int x)
+  {
+    return __builtin_popcount(x);
+  }
 
   void vulkan::init()
   {
@@ -253,19 +261,19 @@ namespace minecraft {
         .format = VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT,
         .offset = 8,
       },
-      { // block id
+      { // data
         .location = 5,
         .binding = 1,
         .format = VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT,
         .offset = 10,
       },
-      { // block id
+      { // texture id
         .location = 6,
         .binding = 1,
         .format = VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT,
         .offset = 12,
       },
-      { // block id
+      { // special
         .location = 7,
         .binding = 1,
         .format = VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT,
@@ -302,12 +310,31 @@ namespace minecraft {
     VK_CHECK(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, pipelineCreateInfos, nullptr, &pipeline));
   }
 
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // load worlds
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  void vulkan::load_worlds()
+  {
+    worlds = NewM<per_world>(minecraft::world::descriptors_length);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < minecraft::world::descriptors_length; i++) {
+      worlds[i].load(device, physicalDeviceProperties, physicalDeviceMemoryProperties, &minecraft::world::descriptors[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // draw
   //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-  void vulkan::draw()
+  void vulkan::draw(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
   {
+    vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commandBuffer, vertexIndex.buffer, vertexIndex.indexOffset, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16);
 
+    for (int configuration = 1; configuration < 64; configuration++) {
+      int element_count = 6 * popcount(configuration);
+      int index_offset = 2 * index_buffer_configuration_offsets[configuration];
+      int instance_count = worlds[;
+    };
   }
 }