pokemon/main.cpp

#include <cstdint>

#include "vdp2.h"
#include "vdp1.h"
#include "scu.h"
#include "smpc.h"
#include "sh2.h"

#include "common/copy.hpp"
#include "common/vdp2_func.hpp"
#include "common/intback.hpp"

#include "input.hpp"

#include "gen/maps.hpp"
#include "gen/sprites.hpp"
#include "map_objects.hpp"

#include "coordinates.hpp"
#include "render_map.hpp"
#include "actor.hpp"
#include "ledge_tiles.hpp"

constexpr inline uint16_t rgb15(int32_t r, int32_t g, int32_t b)
{
  return ((b & 31) << 10) | ((g & 31) << 5) | ((r & 31) << 0);
}

void palette_data()
{
  vdp2.cram.u16[3] = rgb15( 0,  0,  0);
  vdp2.cram.u16[2] = rgb15(10, 10, 10);
  vdp2.cram.u16[1] = rgb15(21, 21, 21);
  vdp2.cram.u16[0] = rgb15(31, 31, 31);
}

static inline void _2bpp_4bpp_vram_copy(uint32_t * vram, const start_size_t& buf)
{
  for (uint32_t ix = 0; ix < buf.size / 4; ix += 1) {
    const uint32_t pixels = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t const * const>(buf.start)[ix];
    const uint32_t px0 = pixels >> 16 & 0xffff;
    const uint32_t px1 = pixels >> 0  & 0xffff;

#define lshift(n) ((7 - n) * 2)
#define rshift(n) ((7 - n) * 4)
#define px(p, n) (((p >> lshift(n)) & 0b11) << rshift(n))
#define p0(n) (px(px0, n))
#define p1(n) (px(px1, n))
    vram[ix * 2 + 0] = p0(7) | p0(6) | p0(5) | p0(4) | p0(3) | p0(2) | p0(1) | p0(0);
    vram[ix * 2 + 1] = p1(7) | p1(6) | p1(5) | p1(4) | p1(3) | p1(2) | p1(1) | p1(0);
#undef p1
#undef p0
#undef px
#undef lshift
#undef rshift
  }
}

uint32_t character_pattern_table(const start_size_t& buf, const uint32_t top)
{
  // round to nearest multiple of 32
  const uint32_t table_size = ((buf.size * 2) + 0x20 - 1) & (-0x20);
  const uint32_t base_address = top - table_size;

  uint32_t * vram = &vdp1.vram.u32[(base_address / 4)];
  _2bpp_4bpp_vram_copy(vram, buf);

  return base_address;
}

uint32_t cell_data(const start_size_t& buf, const uint32_t top)
{
  // round to nearest multiple of 32
  const uint32_t table_size = ((buf.size * 2) + 0x20 - 1) & (-0x20);
  const uint32_t base_address = top - table_size; // in bytes

  uint32_t * vram = &vdp2.vram.u32[(base_address / 4)];
  _2bpp_4bpp_vram_copy(vram, buf);

  return base_address;
}

struct draw_t {
  struct {
    uint16_t tilesets[tileset_t::count]; // div 32
    uint16_t spritesheets[spritesheet_t::count]; // div 128
  } base_pattern;
};

struct state_t {
  enum map_t::map map;
  enum map_t::map last_map;
  draw_t draw;
  actor_t player;
};

static state_t state = { map_t::pallet_town, map_t::last_map, 0 };

uint32_t load_tileset(uint32_t top, enum tileset_t::tileset tileset)
{
  uint32_t base_address = top = cell_data(tilesets[tileset].tileset, top);
  state.draw.base_pattern.tilesets[tileset] = base_address / 32;

  return top;
}

uint32_t load_sprite(uint32_t top, enum spritesheet_t::spritesheet spritesheet)
{
  const spritesheet_t& s = spritesheets[spritesheet];
  uint32_t base_address = top = character_pattern_table(s.spritesheet, top);
  state.draw.base_pattern.spritesheets[spritesheet] = base_address / 128;

  return top;
}

void load_vram()
{
  vdp2.reg.CYCA0 = 0xeeee'eeee;
  vdp2.reg.CYCA1 = 0xeeee'eeee;
  vdp2.reg.CYCB0 = 0xeeee'eeee;
  vdp2.reg.CYCB1 = 0xeeee'eeee;

  uint32_t vdp2_top = (sizeof (union vdp2_vram));
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < tileset_t::count; i++)
    vdp2_top = load_tileset(vdp2_top, static_cast<enum tileset_t::tileset>(i));

  vdp2.reg.CYCA0 = 0x0fff'ffff;
  vdp2.reg.CYCA1 = 0x0fff'ffff;
  vdp2.reg.CYCB0 = 0x4fff'ffff;
  vdp2.reg.CYCB1 = 0x4fff'ffff;

  uint32_t vdp1_top = (sizeof (union vdp1_vram));
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < spritesheet_t::count; i++)
    vdp1_top = load_sprite(vdp1_top, static_cast<enum spritesheet_t::spritesheet>(i));
}

static inline uint32_t facing_offset(const actor_t::direction facing)
{
  switch (facing) {
  default: [[fallthrough]];
  case actor_t::down:  return 0;
  case actor_t::up:    return 1;
  case actor_t::left:  return 2;
  case actor_t::right: return 2;
  }
}

static inline uint32_t facing_inverted(const actor_t::direction facing, const uint32_t animation_cycle)
{
  switch (facing) {
  default:             [[fallthrough]];
  case actor_t::down:  [[fallthrough]];
  case actor_t::up:
    return (animation_cycle & 1) ? CTRL__DIR__INVERTED_HORIZONTALLY : CTRL__DIR__NOT_INVERTED;
  case actor_t::left:
    return CTRL__DIR__NOT_INVERTED;
  case actor_t::right:
    return CTRL__DIR__INVERTED_HORIZONTALLY;
  }
}

void render_sprite(const uint32_t ix, const uint32_t sprite_id,
		   const enum actor_t::direction facing, const uint32_t animation_frame, const uint32_t animation_cycle,
		   const screen_t& screen, const offset_t& offset,
		   int32_t y_offset)
{
  constexpr uint32_t color_address = 0;
  const uint32_t sprite_offset = facing_offset(facing) + animation_frame;
  const uint32_t base_pattern = state.draw.base_pattern.spritesheets[sprite_id];
  const uint32_t character_address = ((base_pattern + sprite_offset) * 128) / 8;

  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].CTRL = CTRL__JP__JUMP_NEXT | CTRL__COMM__NORMAL_SPRITE | facing_inverted(facing, animation_cycle);
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].LINK = 0;
  // The "end code" is 0xf, which is being used in the mai sprite palette. If
  // both transparency and end codes are enabled, it seems there are only 14
  // usable colors in the 4-bit color mode.
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].PMOD = PMOD__ECD | PMOD__COLOR_MODE__COLOR_BANK_16;
  // It appears Kronos does not correctly calculate the color address in the
  // VDP1 debugger. Kronos will report FFFC when the actual color table address
  // in this example is 7FFE0.
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].COLR = color_address; // non-palettized (rgb15) color data
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].SRCA = character_address;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].SIZE = SIZE__X(16) | SIZE__Y(16);
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].XA = (cell_offset::x * 8) + screen.x * 16 - offset.x;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].YA = (cell_offset::y * 8) + screen.y * 16 + y_offset - offset.y;
}

void render_sprites(const offset_t& offset)
{
  uint32_t ix = 2;

  const uint32_t animation_frame = ((state.player.frame & 0b1000) != 0) * 3;
  render_sprite(ix,
		spritesheet_t::red,
		state.player.facing, animation_frame, state.player.cycle,
		{4, 4},
		{0, 0},
		state.player.y_offset());
  ix++;

  const object_t& obj = map_objects[state.map];
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < obj.object_length; i++) {
    const object_event_t& event = obj.object_events[i];
    const world_t world = { event.position.x, event.position.y };
    render_sprite(ix,
		  event.sprite_id,
		  actor_t::down, 0, 0,
		  world.to_screen(state.player.world),
		  offset,
		  -4);
    ix++;
  }

  constexpr uint16_t top_x = 80 - 1;
  constexpr uint16_t top_y = 48 - 1;
  constexpr uint16_t bot_x = 239 + 1;
  constexpr uint16_t bot_y = 191 + 1;

  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].CTRL = CTRL__JP__JUMP_NEXT | CTRL__COMM__POLYLINE;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].LINK = 0;
  // "Set [ECD] to '1' for polygons, polylines, and lines"
  // "Be sure to set [SPD] to '1' for polygons, polylines, and lines"
  //
  // The "user clip mode" bit is not set in PMOD here, so setting "user clip
  // coordinates" has no effect on this draw command. However, "system clip
  // coordinates" and "local coordinates" are always applied, and must be set to
  // reasonable values.
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].PMOD = PMOD__ECD | PMOD__SPD;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].COLR = COLR__RGB | rgb15(255, 0, 255);
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].XA = top_x;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].YA = top_y;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].XB = bot_x;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].YB = top_y;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].XC = bot_x;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].YC = bot_y;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].XD = top_x;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].YD = bot_y;

  ix++;

  vdp1.vram.cmd[ix].CTRL = CTRL__END;
}

void render_map()
{
  const map_t& map = maps[state.map];
  const uint32_t base_pattern = state.draw.base_pattern.tilesets[map.tileset];
  vdp2.reg.PNCN0 = PNCN0__N0PNB__1WORD | PNCN0__N0CNSM | PNCN0__N0SCN((base_pattern >> 10) & 0x1f);

  for (int32_t y = (0 - 1); y < (9 + 1); y++) {
    for (int32_t x = (0 - 1); x < (10 + 1); x++) {
      render_screen(base_pattern,
		    map,
		    state.player.world,
		    {x, y}
		    );
    }
  }

  vdp2.reg.BGON = BGON__N0ON | BGON__N0TPON;
}

constexpr inline world_t direction_offset(const world_t& world, const enum actor_t::direction dir)
{
  switch (dir) {
  default: [[fallthrough]];
  case actor_t::up:    return {world.x    , world.y - 1};
  case actor_t::down:  return {world.x    , world.y + 1};
  case actor_t::left:  return {world.x - 1, world.y    };
  case actor_t::right: return {world.x + 1, world.y    };
  }
}

constexpr inline uint8_t get_tile_ix(const map_t& map, const world_t& coord)
{
  // keep this synchronized with render_screen()

  const uint8_t block_ix = get_block(map, coord.to_block());
  const tileset_t& tileset = tilesets[map.tileset];
  const uint8_t * block_start = &(tileset.blockset.start)[block_ix * 4 * 4];
  const int32_t quadrant_x = 2 * (coord.x & 1);
  const int32_t quadrant_y = 2 * (coord.y & 1);

  const int32_t block_row = 4 * (quadrant_y + 1);
  const uint8_t tile_ix = block_start[block_row + quadrant_x];

  return tile_ix;
}

constexpr inline enum actor_t::collision collision(const map_t& map,
						   const world_t& world,
						   enum actor_t::direction direction)
{
  const world_t coord = direction_offset(world, direction);
  uint8_t collision_tile_ix = get_tile_ix(map, coord);

  const tileset_t& tileset = tilesets[map.tileset];
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < tileset.collision.size; i++) {
    if (tileset.collision.start[i] == collision_tile_ix)
      return actor_t::passable;
  }

  // check ledge_tile pairs

  uint8_t actor_tile_ix = get_tile_ix(map, world);

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ledge_tiles_length; i++) {
    const ledge_tile_t& lt = ledge_tiles[i];
    if (direction == lt.direction
	&& actor_tile_ix == lt.actor
	&& collision_tile_ix == lt.collision) {
      return actor_t::jump;
    }
  }

  return actor_t::impassable;
}

constexpr inline void collision_move(const map_t& map, actor_t::direction dir)
{
  const enum actor_t::collision c = collision(map, state.player.world, dir);
  state.player.move(c, dir);
}

void change_maps()
{
  const map_t& map = maps[state.map];

#define _has(_dir_) (map.connections[map_t::connection_t::_dir_].map != map_t::unconnected)
#define _get(_dir_) (maps[map.connections[map_t::connection_t::_dir_].map])
#define _offset(_dir_) (map.connections[map_t::connection_t::_dir_].offset)

  const block_t block = state.player.world.to_block();
  if (block.y < 0) {
    // north
    if (_has(north)) {
      const map_t& north_map = _get(north);
      state.player.world.y = ((north_map.height + block.y) << 1) | (state.player.world.y & 1);
      state.player.world.x = ((block.x - _offset(north)) << 1) | (state.player.world.x & 1);
      state.map = map.connections[map_t::connection_t::north].map;
    }
  } else if (block.y >= static_cast<int32_t>(map.height)) {
    // south
    if (_has(south)) {
      state.player.world.y = ((block.y - map.height) << 1) | (state.player.world.y & 1);
      state.player.world.x = ((block.x - _offset(south)) << 1) | (state.player.world.x & 1);
      state.map = map.connections[map_t::connection_t::south].map;
    }
  } else if (block.x < 0) {
    // west
    if (_has(west)) {
      const map_t& west_map = _get(west);
      state.player.world.x = ((west_map.width + block.x) << 1) | (state.player.world.x & 1);
      state.player.world.y = ((block.y - _offset(west)) << 1) | (state.player.world.y & 1);
      state.map = map.connections[map_t::connection_t::west].map;
    }
  } else if (block.x >= static_cast<int32_t>(map.width)) {
    // east
    if (_has(east)) {
      state.player.world.x = ((block.x - map.width) << 1) | (state.player.world.x & 1);
      state.player.world.y = ((block.y - _offset(east)) << 1) | (state.player.world.y & 1);
      state.map = map.connections[map_t::connection_t::east].map;
    }
  }

#undef _offset
#undef _get
#undef _has
}

constexpr inline bool is_outside(const enum map_t::map& map_id)
{
  const map_t& map = maps[map_id];
  switch (map.tileset) {
  case tileset_t::overworld: [[fallthrough]];
  case tileset_t::plateau:
    return true;
  default:
    return false;
  }
}

struct collision_direction_t {
  enum actor_t::collision collision;
  enum actor_t::direction direction;
};

constexpr inline collision_direction_t find_direction(const map_t& map, const world_t& world, const enum actor_t::direction facing)
{
  // first, try `facing`, as this is typically correct in non- edge-cases
  const enum actor_t::collision c_facing = collision(map, world, facing);
  if (c_facing != actor_t::impassable)
    return {c_facing, facing};

  // otherwise try all other directions
  // (this checks facing a second time for no reason)
  constexpr enum actor_t::direction dirs[] = {actor_t::up, actor_t::down, actor_t::left, actor_t::right};
  for (const enum actor_t::direction& dir : dirs) {
    const enum actor_t::collision c = collision(map, world, dir);
    if (c != actor_t::impassable)
      return {c, dir};
  }

  return {actor_t::impassable, facing};
}

void update_warp()
{
  if (state.player.moving) return;
  world_t& coord = state.player.world;

  for (uint32_t j = 0; j < map_objects[state.map].warp_length; j++) {
    const warp_event_t& warp = map_objects[state.map].warp_events[j];
    if (coord.x == warp.position.x && coord.y == warp.position.y) {
      if (warp.destination.map == map_t::last_map) {
	if (state.last_map == map_t::last_map) {
	  // use last_map as a sentinel value for "the player hasn't
	  // warped yet". This should never happen in normal gameplay.
	  continue;
	}

	state.map = state.last_map;
      } else {
	// Only change last_map if the current map is an "outside"
	// map. Warps that use last_map are designed to be used this
	// way.
	if (is_outside(state.map)) state.last_map = state.map;

	state.map = warp.destination.map;
      }
      // warp_index starts at 1
      const warp_event_t& dest = map_objects[state.map].warp_events[warp.destination.warp_index - 1];
      coord.x = dest.position.x;
      coord.y = dest.position.y;

      // force the player to move off of the warp

      const collision_direction_t c_d = find_direction(maps[state.map], state.player.world, state.player.facing);
      state.player.move(c_d.collision, c_d.direction);

      // must return: because map state.map changed, the rest of this
      // loop is invalid
      return;
    }
  }
}

void update()
{
  state.player.tick();
  change_maps();
  update_warp();

  if      (event::cursor_left() ) collision_move(maps[state.map], actor_t::left);
  else if (event::cursor_right()) collision_move(maps[state.map], actor_t::right);
  else if (event::cursor_up()   ) collision_move(maps[state.map], actor_t::up);
  else if (event::cursor_down() ) collision_move(maps[state.map], actor_t::down);
}

void render()
{
  const offset_t offset = state.player.offset();

  render_sprites(offset);

  vdp1.reg.PTMR = PTMR__PTM__NOW;

  vdp2.reg.SCXIN0 = offset.x;
  vdp2.reg.SCXDN0 = 0;
  vdp2.reg.SCYIN0 = offset.y;
  vdp2.reg.SCYDN0 = 0;

  render_map();
}

extern "C"
void v_blank_in_int(void) __attribute__ ((interrupt_handler));
void v_blank_in_int()
{
  scu.reg.IST &= ~(IST__V_BLANK_IN);
  scu.reg.IMS = ~(IMS__SMPC | IMS__V_BLANK_IN);

  sh2.reg.FRC.H = 0;
  sh2.reg.FRC.L = 0;
  sh2.reg.FTCSR = 0; // clear flags

  render();
  update();

  // wait at least 300us, as specified in the SMPC manual.
  // It appears reading FRC.H is mandatory and *must* occur before FRC.L on real
  // hardware.
  while ((sh2.reg.FTCSR & FTCSR__OVF) == 0 && sh2.reg.FRC.H == 0 && sh2.reg.FRC.L < 63);

  // on real hardware, SF contains uninitialized garbage bits other than the
  // lsb.
  while ((smpc.reg.SF & 1) != 0);

  smpc.reg.SF = 0;

  smpc.reg.IREG[0].val = INTBACK__IREG0__STATUS_DISABLE;
  smpc.reg.IREG[1].val = ( INTBACK__IREG1__PERIPHERAL_DATA_ENABLE
                           | INTBACK__IREG1__PORT2_15BYTE
                           | INTBACK__IREG1__PORT1_15BYTE
                           );
  smpc.reg.IREG[2].val = INTBACK__IREG2__MAGIC;

  smpc.reg.COMREG = COMREG__INTBACK;
}

extern "C"
void smpc_int(void) __attribute__ ((interrupt_handler));
void smpc_int(void)
{
  scu.reg.IST &= ~(IST__SMPC);
  scu.reg.IMS = ~(IMS__SMPC | IMS__V_BLANK_IN);

  intback::fsm(digital_callback, nullptr);
}

void init_vdp1()
{
  /* TVM settings must be performed from the second H-blank IN interrupt after the
  V-blank IN interrupt to the H-blank IN interrupt immediately after the V-blank
  OUT interrupt. */
  // "normal" display resolution, 16 bits per pixel, 512x256 framebuffer
  vdp1.reg.TVMR = TVMR__TVM__NORMAL;

  // swap framebuffers every 1 cycle; non-interlace
  vdp1.reg.FBCR = 0;

  // during a framebuffer erase cycle, write the color "black" to each pixel
  constexpr uint16_t black = 0x0000;
  vdp1.reg.EWDR = black;

  // the EWLR/EWRR macros use somewhat nontrivial math for the X coordinates
  // erase upper-left coordinate
  vdp1.reg.EWLR = EWLR__16BPP_X1(0) | EWLR__Y1(0);

  // erase lower-right coordinate
  vdp1.reg.EWRR = EWRR__16BPP_X3(319) | EWRR__Y3(239);

  vdp1.vram.cmd[0].CTRL = CTRL__JP__JUMP_NEXT | CTRL__COMM__SYSTEM_CLIP_COORDINATES;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[0].LINK = 0;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[0].XC = 319;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[0].YC = 239;

  vdp1.vram.cmd[1].CTRL = CTRL__JP__JUMP_NEXT | CTRL__COMM__LOCAL_COORDINATE;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[1].LINK = 0;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[1].XA = 0;
  vdp1.vram.cmd[1].YA = 0;

  vdp1.vram.cmd[2].CTRL = CTRL__END;

  // start drawing (execute the command list) on every frame
  //vdp1.reg.PTMR = PTMR__PTM__FRAME_CHANGE;
}

void init_vdp2()
{
  vdp2.reg.PRISA = PRISA__S0PRIN(7); // Sprite register 0 PRIority Number
  vdp2.reg.PRINA = PRINA__N0PRIN(5)
                 | PRINA__N1PRIN(6);

  // DISP: Please make sure to change this bit from 0 to 1 during V blank.
  vdp2.reg.TVMD = ( TVMD__DISP | TVMD__LSMD__NON_INTERLACE
                  | TVMD__VRESO__240 | TVMD__HRESO__NORMAL_320);

  vdp2.reg.EXTEN = 0;

  /* set the color mode to 5bits per channel, 1024 colors */
  vdp2.reg.RAMCTL = RAMCTL__CRKTE | RAMCTL__CRMD__RGB_5BIT_1024;// | RAMCTL__VRAMD | RAMCTL__VRBMD;

  /* disable display of NBG0 */
  vdp2.reg.BGON = 0;

  /* set character format for NBG0 to palettized 16 color
     set enable "cell format" for NBG0
     set character size for NBG0 to 1x1 cell */
  vdp2.reg.CHCTLA = CHCTLA__N0CHCN__16_COLOR
                  | CHCTLA__N0BMEN__CELL_FORMAT
                  | CHCTLA__N0CHSZ__1x1_CELL
                  | CHCTLA__N1CHCN__16_COLOR
                  | CHCTLA__N1BMEN__CELL_FORMAT
                  | CHCTLA__N1CHSZ__1x1_CELL;

  /* plane size */
  vdp2.reg.PLSZ = PLSZ__N0PLSZ__1x1
                | PLSZ__N1PLSZ__1x1;

  /* map plane offset
     1-word: value of bit 6-0 * 0x2000
     2-word: value of bit 5-0 * 0x4000
  */
  constexpr int nbg0_plane_a = 0;
  constexpr int nbg1_plane_a = 1;
  //constexpr int plane_a_offset = plane_a * 0x2000;

  //constexpr int page_size = 64 * 64 * 2; // N0PNB__1WORD (16-bit)
  //constexpr int plane_size = page_size * 1;

  // bits 8~6
  vdp2.reg.MPOFN = MPOFN__N0MP(0)
                 | MPOFN__N1MP(0);
  vdp2.reg.MPABN0 = MPABN0__N0MPB(0) | MPABN0__N0MPA(nbg0_plane_a); // bits 5~0
  vdp2.reg.MPCDN0 = MPCDN0__N0MPD(0) | MPCDN0__N0MPC(0); // bits 5~0

  vdp2.reg.MPABN1 = MPABN1__N1MPB(0) | MPABN1__N1MPA(nbg1_plane_a); // bits 5~0
  vdp2.reg.MPCDN1 = MPCDN1__N1MPD(0) | MPCDN1__N1MPC(0); // bits 5~0

  auto& base_pattern = state.draw.base_pattern.tilesets[tileset_t::overworld];

  vdp2.reg.PNCN0 = PNCN0__N0PNB__1WORD | PNCN0__N0CNSM | PNCN0__N0SCN((base_pattern >> 10) & 0x1f);
  vdp2.reg.PNCN1 = PNCN1__N1PNB__1WORD | PNCN1__N1CNSM | PNCN1__N1SCN((base_pattern >> 10) & 0x1f);

  vdp2.vram.u16[0x2000 / 2 + 0] = (base_pattern & 0xfff) + 1;
  vdp2.vram.u16[0x2000 / 2 + 1] = (base_pattern & 0xfff) + 2;

  palette_data();
}

void main()
{
  state.map = map_t::pallet_town;
  //state.map = map_t::viridian_forest;
  //state.map = map_t::route_2;
  state.player.world.x = 6;
  state.player.world.y = 6;

  load_vram();

  v_blank_in();

  init_vdp1();
  init_vdp2();

  constexpr uint16_t top_x = 80 - 1;
  constexpr uint16_t top_y = 48 - 1;
  constexpr uint16_t bot_x = 239 + 1;
  constexpr uint16_t bot_y = 191 + 1;

  vdp2.reg.WCTLA = WCTLA__N0W0E | WCTLA__N0W0A__OUTSIDE;
  vdp2.reg.WPSX0 = top_x << 1;
  vdp2.reg.WPSY0 = top_y;
  vdp2.reg.WPEX0 = bot_x << 1;
  vdp2.reg.WPEY0 = bot_y;

  // free-running timer
  sh2.reg.TCR = TCR__CKS__INTERNAL_DIV128;
  sh2.reg.FTCSR = 0;

  // initialize smpc
  smpc.reg.DDR1 = 0; // INPUT
  smpc.reg.DDR2 = 0; // INPUT
  smpc.reg.IOSEL = 0; // SMPC control
  smpc.reg.EXLE = 0; //

  sh2_vec[SCU_VEC__SMPC] = (u32)(&smpc_int);
  sh2_vec[SCU_VEC__V_BLANK_IN] = (u32)(&v_blank_in_int);

  scu.reg.IST = 0;
  scu.reg.IMS = ~(IMS__SMPC | IMS__V_BLANK_IN);
}