diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 73b96b5..0af42b8 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ LIB = ./saturn
 SRC = main.o input.o
 SRC += gen/maps.o
 SRC += gen/map_objects.o
+SRC += gen/sprites.o
 DEP = $(patsubst %.o,%.d,$(SRC))
 
 res = $(subst pokered/,res/,$(patsubst %.$(1),%.$(1).o,$(wildcard $(2)*.$(1))))
@@ -13,9 +14,10 @@ res_png = $(subst pokered/,res/,$(patsubst %.png,%.$(1).o,$(wildcard $(2)*.png))
 
 GFX_TILESETS = $(call res_png,2bpp,pokered/gfx/tilesets/)
 GFX_BLOCKSETS = $(call res,bst,pokered/gfx/blocksets/)
+GFX_SPRITES = $(call res_png,2bpp,pokered/gfx/sprites/)
 MAPS_BLOCKS = $(call res,blk,pokered/maps/)
 
-GENERATED = $(GFX_TILESETS) $(GFX_BLOCKSETS) $(MAPS_BLOCKS)
+GENERATED = $(GFX_TILESETS) $(GFX_BLOCKSETS) $(GFX_SPRITES) $(MAPS_BLOCKS)
 OBJ = $(SRC) $(GENERATED)
 
 all: main.cue
@@ -47,6 +49,10 @@ res/%.2bpp: pokered/%.png
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	python tools/png_to_nbpp.py $< 2 $@
 
+res/gfx/sprites/%.2bpp: pokered/gfx/sprites/%.png
+	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	python tools/png_to_nbpp_sprite.py $< 2 $@
+
 %.2bpp.h:
 	$(BUILD_BINARY_H)
 
diff --git a/main.cpp b/main.cpp
index c6be5d0..58da84b 100644
--- a/main.cpp
+++ b/main.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 
 #include "vdp2.h"
+#include "vdp1.h"
 #include "scu.h"
 #include "smpc.h"
 #include "sh2.h"
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "input.hpp"
 
 #include "gen/maps.hpp"
+#include "gen/sprites.hpp"
 #include "map_objects.hpp"
 
 constexpr inline uint16_t rgb15(int32_t r, int32_t g, int32_t b)
@@ -21,19 +23,14 @@ constexpr inline uint16_t rgb15(int32_t r, int32_t g, int32_t b)
 
 void palette_data()
 {
-  vdp2.cram.u16[0] = rgb15( 0,  0,  0);
-  vdp2.cram.u16[1] = rgb15(10, 10, 10);
-  vdp2.cram.u16[2] = rgb15(21, 21, 21);
-  vdp2.cram.u16[3] = rgb15(31, 31, 31);
+  vdp2.cram.u16[3] = rgb15( 0,  0,  0);
+  vdp2.cram.u16[2] = rgb15(10, 10, 10);
+  vdp2.cram.u16[1] = rgb15(21, 21, 21);
+  vdp2.cram.u16[0] = rgb15(31, 31, 31);
 }
 
-uint32_t cell_data(const start_size_t& buf, const uint32_t top)
+static inline void _2bpp_4bpp_vram_copy(uint32_t * vram, const start_size_t& buf)
 {
-  // round to nearest multiple of 32
-  const uint32_t table_size = ((buf.size * 2) + 0x20 - 1) & (-0x20);
-  const uint32_t base_address = top - table_size; // in bytes
-
-  uint32_t * vram = &vdp2.vram.u32[(base_address / 4)];
   for (uint32_t ix = 0; ix < buf.size / 4; ix += 1) {
     const uint32_t pixels = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t const * const>(buf.start)[ix];
     const uint32_t px0 = pixels >> 16 & 0xffff;
@@ -52,6 +49,28 @@ uint32_t cell_data(const start_size_t& buf, const uint32_t top)
 #undef lshift
 #undef rshift
   }
+}
+
+uint32_t character_pattern_table(const start_size_t& buf, const uint32_t top)
+{
+  // round to nearest multiple of 32
+  const uint32_t table_size = ((buf.size * 2) + 0x20 - 1) & (-0x20);
+  const uint32_t base_address = top - table_size;
+
+  uint32_t * vram = &vdp1.vram.u32[(base_address / 4)];
+  _2bpp_4bpp_vram_copy(vram, buf);
+
+  return base_address;
+}
+
+uint32_t cell_data(const start_size_t& buf, const uint32_t top)
+{
+  // round to nearest multiple of 32
+  const uint32_t table_size = ((buf.size * 2) + 0x20 - 1) & (-0x20);
+  const uint32_t base_address = top - table_size; // in bytes
+
+  uint32_t * vram = &vdp2.vram.u32[(base_address / 4)];
+  _2bpp_4bpp_vram_copy(vram, buf);
 
   return base_address;
 }
@@ -187,10 +206,74 @@ void smpc_int(void)
   intback::fsm(digital_callback, nullptr);
 }
 
+void sprite()
+{
+  uint32_t top = (sizeof (union vdp1_vram));
+  const spritesheet_t& spritesheet = spritesheets[spritesheet_t::oak];
+  uint32_t character_address = top = character_pattern_table(spritesheet.spritesheet, top);
+  uint32_t color_address = 0;
+
+  /* TVM settings must be performed from the second H-blank IN interrupt after the
+  V-blank IN interrupt to the H-blank IN interrupt immediately after the V-blank
+  OUT interrupt. */
+  // "normal" display resolution, 16 bits per pixel, 512x256 framebuffer
+  vdp1.reg.TVMR = TVMR__TVM__NORMAL;
+
+  // swap framebuffers every 1 cycle; non-interlace
+  vdp1.reg.FBCR = 0;
+
+  // during a framebuffer erase cycle, write the color "black" to each pixel
+  constexpr uint16_t black = 0x0000;
+  vdp1.reg.EWDR = black;
+
+  // the EWLR/EWRR macros use somewhat nontrivial math for the X coordinates
+  // erase upper-left coordinate
+  vdp1.reg.EWLR = EWLR__16BPP_X1(0) | EWLR__Y1(0);
+
+  // erase lower-right coordinate
+  vdp1.reg.EWRR = EWRR__16BPP_X3(319) | EWRR__Y3(239);
+
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[0].CTRL = CTRL__JP__JUMP_NEXT | CTRL__COMM__SYSTEM_CLIP_COORDINATES;
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[0].LINK = 0;
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[0].XC = 319;
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[0].YC = 239;
+
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[1].CTRL = CTRL__JP__JUMP_NEXT | CTRL__COMM__LOCAL_COORDINATE;
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[1].LINK = 0;
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[1].XA = 0;
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[1].YA = 0;
+
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[2].CTRL = CTRL__JP__JUMP_NEXT | CTRL__COMM__NORMAL_SPRITE;
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[2].LINK = 0;
+  // The "end code" is 0xf, which is being used in the mai sprite palette. If
+  // both transparency and end codes are enabled, it seems there are only 14
+  // usable colors in the 4-bit color mode.
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[2].PMOD = PMOD__ECD | PMOD__COLOR_MODE__COLOR_BANK_16;
+  // It appears Kronos does not correctly calculate the color address in the
+  // VDP1 debugger. Kronos will report FFFC when the actual color table address
+  // in this example is 7FFE0.
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[2].COLR = color_address; // non-palettized (rgb15) color data
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[2].SRCA = character_address >> 3;
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[2].SIZE = SIZE__X(16) | SIZE__Y(16);
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[2].XA = 5 * 16;
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[2].YA = 5 * 16;
+
+  vdp1.vram.cmd[3].CTRL = CTRL__END;
+
+  // start drawing (execute the command list) on every frame
+  vdp1.reg.PTMR = PTMR__PTM__FRAME_CHANGE;
+}
+
 void main()
 {
+  state.map_ix = map_t::celadon_city;
+
   v_blank_in();
 
+  sprite();
+
+  vdp2.reg.PRISA = PRISA__S0PRIN(7); // Sprite register 0 PRIority Number
+
   // DISP: Please make sure to change this bit from 0 to 1 during V blank.
   vdp2.reg.TVMD = ( TVMD__DISP | TVMD__LSMD__NON_INTERLACE
                   | TVMD__VRESO__240 | TVMD__HRESO__NORMAL_320);
@@ -199,7 +282,7 @@ void main()
   vdp2.reg.RAMCTL = RAMCTL__CRKTE | RAMCTL__CRMD__RGB_5BIT_1024 | RAMCTL__VRAMD | RAMCTL__VRBMD;
 
   /* enable display of NBG0 */
-  vdp2.reg.BGON = BGON__N0ON;
+  vdp2.reg.BGON = BGON__N0ON | BGON__N0TPON;
 
   /* set character format for NBG0 to palettized 16 color
      set enable "cell format" for NBG0
@@ -216,10 +299,10 @@ void main()
      2-word: value of bit 5-0 * 0x4000
   */
   constexpr int plane_a = 0;
-  constexpr int plane_a_offset = plane_a * 0x2000;
+  //constexpr int plane_a_offset = plane_a * 0x2000;
 
-  constexpr int page_size = 64 * 64 * 2; // N0PNB__1WORD (16-bit)
-  constexpr int plane_size = page_size * 1;
+  //constexpr int page_size = 64 * 64 * 2; // N0PNB__1WORD (16-bit)
+  //constexpr int plane_size = page_size * 1;
 
   vdp2.reg.MPOFN = MPOFN__N0MP(0); // bits 8~6
   vdp2.reg.MPABN0 = MPABN0__N0MPB(0) | MPABN0__N0MPA(plane_a); // bits 5~0
@@ -247,6 +330,4 @@ void main()
 
   scu.reg.IST = 0;
   scu.reg.IMS = ~(IMS__SMPC | IMS__V_BLANK_IN);
-
-  state.map_ix = map_t::celadon_city;
 }
diff --git a/start_size.hpp b/start_size.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..852c736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/start_size.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+struct start_size_t {
+  uint8_t const * const start;
+  uint32_t size;
+};
diff --git a/tileset.hpp b/tileset.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c0e177..0000000
--- a/tileset.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/cavern.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/cemetery.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/club.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/facility.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/forest.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/gate.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/gym.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/house.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/interior.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/lab.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/lobby.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/mansion.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/overworld.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/plateau.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/pokecenter.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/reds_house.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/ship.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/ship_port.4bpp.h"
-#include "res/gfx/tilesets/underground.4bpp.h"
-
-struct tileset {
-  enum {
-    cavern,
-    cemetery,
-    club,
-    facility,
-    forest,
-    gate,
-    gym,
-    house,
-    interior,
-    lab,
-    lobby,
-    mansion,
-    overworld,
-    plateau,
-    pokecenter,
-    reds_house,
-    ship,
-    ship_port,
-    underground,
-  };
-
-  static uint32_t pattern_name(uint32_t graphics_ix);
-  static uint32_t load(uint32_t top, uint32_t i);
-};
-
-struct buf_t {
-  uint32_t * buf;
-  uint32_t size;
-  uint32_t base_address;
-};
-
-extern uint32_t cell_data(const buf_t& buf, const uint32_t top);
-
-uint32_t tileset::pattern_name(uint32_t graphics_ix)
-{
-  return tilesets[graphics_ix].base_address / 32;
-}
-
-uint32_t tileset::load(uint32_t top, uint32_t i)
-{
-  tilesets[i].base_address = top = cell_data(tilesets[i], top);
-  return top;
-}
diff --git a/tools/generate/__main__.py b/tools/generate/__main__.py
index 8404744..fdba7ef 100644
--- a/tools/generate/__main__.py
+++ b/tools/generate/__main__.py
@@ -4,14 +4,17 @@ import sys
 
 from generate import maps
 from generate import map_objects
+from generate import sprites
+
+files = [
+    (maps.generate_maps_header, "maps.hpp"),
+    (maps.generate_maps_source, "maps.cpp"),
+    (map_objects.generate_map_objects_source, "map_objects.cpp"),
+    (sprites.generate_sprites_header, "sprites.hpp"),
+    (sprites.generate_sprites_source, "sprites.cpp"),
+]
 
 def generate(base_path):
-    files = [
-        (maps.generate_maps_header, "maps.hpp"),
-        (maps.generate_maps_source, "maps.cpp"),
-        (map_objects.generate_map_objects_source, "map_objects.cpp")
-    ]
-
     for func, filename in files:
         path = base_path / filename
         with open(path, 'w') as f:
diff --git a/tools/generate/binary.py b/tools/generate/binary.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ee10ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/generate/binary.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+def binary_res(path, suffix):
+    # _binary_res_gfx_blocksets_overworld_bst_start
+    name = path.replace('/', '_').replace('.', '_')
+    return f"&_binary_res_{name}_{suffix}"
+
+def start_size_value(path):
+    if path is None:
+        return [
+            "0,",
+            "0,",
+        ]
+    else:
+        start = binary_res(path, "start")
+        size = binary_res(path, "size")
+        return [
+            f"reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>({start}),",
+            f"reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>({size}),",
+        ]
diff --git a/tools/generate/maps.py b/tools/generate/maps.py
index 627b13b..6f190d5 100644
--- a/tools/generate/maps.py
+++ b/tools/generate/maps.py
@@ -1,19 +1,51 @@
+"""
+map_headers[0].tileset == 'OVERWORLD'
+map_headers[0].name1 = 'PalletTown'
+map_headers[0].name2 = 'PALLET_TOWN'
+map_headers[0].blocks() == 'PalletTown_Blocks'
+map_constants_list['PALLET_TOWN'] == MapConstant(10, 19)
+maps_blocks_list['PalletTown_Blocks'] == 'maps/PalletTown.blk'
+tileset_constants_list['OVERWORLD'] == 0
+tileset_headers_list[0].name == 'Overworld'
+tileset_headers_list[0].blockset() == 'Overworld_Block'
+tileset_headers_list[0].gfx() == 'Overworld_GFX'
+gfx_tilesets_list['Overworld_Block'] == 'gfx/blocksets/overworld.bst'
+gfx_tilesets_list['Overworld_GFX'] == 'gfx/tilesets/overworld.2bpp'
+"""
+
 from parse import parse
 
+from generate.sort import default_sort
+from generate.binary import binary_res, start_size_value
 from generate.generate import renderer
 
+def sorted_map_constants_list():
+    return sorted(parse.map_constants_list.items(), key=default_sort)
+
 def sorted_map_headers():
+    map_constants_list = sorted_map_constants_list()
+    map_headers_dict = dict((map_header.name2, map_header) for map_header in parse.map_headers)
     # hack to remove unused/duplicate underground_path_route_7
-    map_headers = sorted(parse.map_headers, key=lambda m: m.name2)
-    return filter(lambda m: m.name1 != "UndergroundPathRoute7Copy", map_headers)
+    #map_headers = sorted(parse.map_headers, key=lambda m: m.name2)
+    #return filter(lambda m: m.name1 != "UndergroundPathRoute7Copy", map_headers)
+    return (
+        map_headers_dict[map_name2] for map_name2, _ in map_constants_list
+        if map_name2 in map_headers_dict
+        # e.g CERULEAN_TRASHED_HOUSE_COPY has no map header
+    )
+
+def sorted_tilesets_constants_list():
+    return sorted(parse.tileset_constants_list.items(), key=default_sort)
 
 def includes_header():
     yield "#pragma once"
     yield ""
+    yield '#include "../start_size.hpp"'
+    yield ""
     for map_header in sorted_map_headers():
         block_path = parse.maps_blocks_list[map_header.blocks()]
         yield f'#include "../res/{block_path}.h"'
-    for tileset_name in sorted(parse.tileset_constants_list):
+    for tileset_name, _ in sorted_tilesets_constants_list():
         tileset_index  = parse.tileset_constants_list[tileset_name]
         tileset_header = parse.tileset_headers_list[tileset_index]
 
@@ -24,18 +56,10 @@ def includes_header():
         yield f'#include "../res/{gfx_path}.h"'
     yield ""
 
-def struct_start_size_t():
-    return [
-        "struct start_size_t {",
-            "uint8_t const * const start;",
-            "uint32_t size;",
-        "};",
-    ]
-
 def struct_tileset_t():
     tileset_names = (
         f"{name.lower()},"
-        for name in sorted(parse.tileset_constants_list)
+        for name, _ in sorted_tilesets_constants_list()
     )
     return [
         "struct tileset_t {",
@@ -68,20 +92,6 @@ def struct_map_t():
         "};",
     ]
 
-def binary_res(path, suffix):
-    # _binary_res_gfx_blocksets_overworld_bst_start
-    name = path.replace('/', '_').replace('.', '_')
-    return f"_binary_res_{name}_{suffix}"
-
-def start_size_value(path):
-    start = binary_res(path, "start")
-    size = binary_res(path, "size")
-
-    return [
-        f"reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&{start}),",
-        f"reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(&{size}),",
-    ]
-
 def blockset_tileset(name: str):
     tileset_index  = parse.tileset_constants_list[name]
     tileset_header = parse.tileset_headers_list[tileset_index]
@@ -105,8 +115,8 @@ def tilesets_header():
 
 def tilesets():
     yield "const tileset_t tilesets[] = {"
-    for tileset in sorted(parse.tileset_constants_list):
-        yield from blockset_tileset(tileset)
+    for name, _ in sorted_tilesets_constants_list():
+        yield from blockset_tileset(name)
     yield "};"
 
 def map(map_header):
@@ -135,7 +145,6 @@ def maps():
 def generate_maps_header():
     render, out = renderer()
     render(includes_header())
-    render(struct_start_size_t())
     render(struct_tileset_t())
     render(struct_map_t())
     render(tilesets_header());
@@ -154,19 +163,3 @@ def generate_maps_source():
     render(tilesets())
     render(maps())
     return out
-
-
-"""
-map_headers[0].tileset == 'OVERWORLD'
-map_headers[0].name1 = 'PalletTown'
-map_headers[0].name2 = 'PALLET_TOWN'
-map_headers[0].blocks() == 'PalletTown_Blocks'
-map_constants_list['PALLET_TOWN'] == MapConstant(10, 19)
-maps_blocks_list['PalletTown_Blocks'] == 'maps/PalletTown.blk'
-tileset_constants_list['OVERWORLD'] == 0
-tileset_headers_list[0].name == 'Overworld'
-tileset_headers_list[0].blockset() == 'Overworld_Block'
-tileset_headers_list[0].gfx() == 'Overworld_GFX'
-gfx_tilesets_list['Overworld_Block'] == 'gfx/blocksets/overworld.bst'
-gfx_tilesets_list['Overworld_GFX'] == 'gfx/tilesets/overworld.2bpp'
-"""
diff --git a/tools/generate/sort.py b/tools/generate/sort.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a494e22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/generate/sort.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from operator import itemgetter
+
+by_name = itemgetter(0)
+by_index = itemgetter(1)
+default_sort = by_name
diff --git a/tools/generate/sprites.py b/tools/generate/sprites.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8cae72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/generate/sprites.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+"""
+spritesheets_list[0] == Spritesheet('RedSprite', 3)
+sprite_constants_list[0] == 'SPRITE_NONE'
+gfx_sprites_list['RedSprite'] == 'gfx/sprites/red.2bpp'
+"""
+# insert a empty sprite for SPRITE_NONE
+# remove SPRITE_ prefix
+
+
+from parse import parse
+
+from generate.sort import default_sort
+from generate.binary import binary_res, start_size_value
+from generate.generate import renderer
+
+def sorted_sprite_constants_list():
+    return sorted(parse.sprite_constants_list.items(), key=default_sort)
+
+def includes_header():
+    yield '#pragma once'
+    yield ''
+    yield '#include "../start_size.hpp"'
+    yield ''
+    for name, index in sorted_sprite_constants_list():
+        if name == 'SPRITE_NONE':
+            continue
+        assert index != 0, index
+        spritesheet = parse.spritesheets_list[index - 1]
+        sprite_path = parse.gfx_sprites_list[spritesheet.name]
+        yield f'#include "../res/{sprite_path}.h"'
+
+def includes_source():
+    yield '#include <cstdint>'
+    yield ''
+    yield '#include "sprites.hpp"'
+    yield ''
+
+def sprite_name(name):
+    assert name.startswith('SPRITE_'), name
+    return name.removeprefix('SPRITE_').lower()
+
+def struct_spritesheet_t():
+    sprite_names = (
+        f"{sprite_name(name)},"
+        for name, _ in sorted_sprite_constants_list()
+    )
+    return [
+        "struct spritesheet_t {",
+            "start_size_t spritesheet;",
+            "uint8_t sprite_count;",
+            "",
+            "enum sprite {",
+                *sprite_names,
+            "};",
+        "};",
+    ]
+
+def sprites_header():
+    yield "extern const spritesheet_t spritesheets[];"
+
+def generate_sprites_header():
+    render, out = renderer()
+    render(includes_header())
+    render(struct_spritesheet_t())
+    render(sprites_header())
+    return out
+
+def sprite(name, index):
+    if name == 'SPRITE_NONE':
+        # special null sprite
+        sprite_path = None
+        sprite_count = 0
+    else:
+        # spritesheets_list does not include SPRITE_NULL at index 0
+        assert index != 0, index
+        spritesheet = parse.spritesheets_list[index - 1]
+        sprite_path = parse.gfx_sprites_list[spritesheet.name]
+        sprite_count = spritesheet.sprite_count
+    return [
+        f"[spritesheet_t::{sprite_name(name)}] = {{",
+            ".spritesheet = {",
+                *start_size_value(sprite_path),
+            "},",
+            f".sprite_count = {sprite_count}",
+        "},",
+    ]
+
+def sprites():
+    yield "const spritesheet_t spritesheets[] = {"
+    for name, index in sorted_sprite_constants_list():
+        yield from sprite(name, index)
+    yield "};"
+
+def generate_sprites_source():
+    render, out = renderer()
+    render(includes_source());
+    render(sprites())
+    return out
diff --git a/tools/palette.py b/tools/palette.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..199582b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/palette.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+def intensity_to_index(px):
+    indices = {0x00: 3, 0x55: 2, 0xaa: 1, 0xff: 0}
+    assert px in indices, px
+    return indices[px]
diff --git a/tools/parse/__main__.py b/tools/parse/__main__.py
index 881f9ca..77213b9 100644
--- a/tools/parse/__main__.py
+++ b/tools/parse/__main__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pprint import pprint
 from parse import parse
 
-for i in parse.map_objects_list.items():
+for i in parse.sprite_constants_list:
     pprint(i)
diff --git a/tools/parse/tilesets.py b/tools/parse/gfx_sprites.py
similarity index 50%
rename from tools/parse/tilesets.py
rename to tools/parse/gfx_sprites.py
index e70a059..a2df4ae 100644
--- a/tools/parse/tilesets.py
+++ b/tools/parse/gfx_sprites.py
@@ -2,15 +2,16 @@ from parse.maps_blocks import tokenize_block, flatten
 
 def tokenize_lines(lines):
     for line in lines:
-        if '_GFX:' in line or '_Block:' in line:
+        if '::' in line:
             yield tokenize_block(line, delim='::')
 
 def parse(prefix):
-    path = prefix / 'gfx/tilesets.asm'
+    path = prefix / 'gfx/sprites.asm'
     with open(path) as f:
         tokens = tokenize_lines(f.read().split('\n'))
-        return list(
-            flatten(tokens,
-                    endings=['_GFX', '_Block'],
-                    base_path='gfx/')
-            )
+        l = list(flatten(tokens,
+                         endings=['Sprite'],
+                         base_path='gfx/'))
+        d = dict(l)
+        assert len(l) == len(d)
+        return d
diff --git a/tools/parse/parse.py b/tools/parse/parse.py
index 233e67f..a5126f5 100644
--- a/tools/parse/parse.py
+++ b/tools/parse/parse.py
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ from parse import map_objects
 from parse import hidden_objects
 from parse import map_constants
 
+from parse import gfx_sprites
+from parse import spritesheets
+from parse import sprite_constants
+
 prefix = Path(sys.argv[1])
 
 map_headers = map_header.parse_all(prefix)
@@ -30,5 +34,9 @@ map_constants_list = map_constants.parse(prefix)
 #ledge_tiles.asm
 #cut_tree_blocks.asm
 
-
 # home/vcopy: animations
+
+# sprites
+gfx_sprites_list = gfx_sprites.parse(prefix)
+spritesheets_list = spritesheets.parse(prefix)
+sprite_constants_list = sprite_constants.parse(prefix)
diff --git a/tools/parse/sprite_constants.py b/tools/parse/sprite_constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebd20cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/parse/sprite_constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from parse.tileset_constants import flatten, tokenize_lines
+
+def parse(prefix):
+    path = prefix / 'constants/sprite_constants.asm'
+    with open(path) as f:
+        return dict(flatten(tokenize_lines(f.read().split('\n'))))
diff --git a/tools/parse/spritesheets.py b/tools/parse/spritesheets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c39b0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/parse/spritesheets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from parse.map_header import tokenize_line
+from parse import number
+
+def tokenize_lines(lines):
+    for line in lines:
+        if 'overworld_sprite ' in line:
+            yield tokenize_line(line)
+
+@dataclass
+class Spritesheet:
+    name: str
+    sprite_count: int
+
+def translate_tile_count(tile_count):
+    # this is the number of non-animation sprites in the spritesheet
+    # the animation sprite is always at tile_index * 2
+    # all animated sprites have 2 animation frames
+    return int(tile_count) // 4
+
+def flatten(tokens):
+    for ts in tokens:
+        if ts[0] != 'overworld_sprite':
+            continue
+        _, (name, tile_count) = ts
+
+        sprite_count = translate_tile_count(tile_count)
+
+        yield Spritesheet(
+            name=name,
+            sprite_count=sprite_count,
+        )
+
+def parse(prefix):
+    path = prefix / 'data/sprites/sprites.asm'
+    with open(path) as f:
+        tokens = tokenize_lines(f.read().split('\n'))
+        return list(flatten(tokens))
diff --git a/tools/png_to_nbpp.py b/tools/png_to_nbpp.py
index a30c81c..00c804f 100644
--- a/tools/png_to_nbpp.py
+++ b/tools/png_to_nbpp.py
@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ import sys
 
 from PIL import Image
 
-def intensity_to_index(px):
-    indices = {0x00: 0, 0x55: 1, 0xaa: 2, 0xff: 3}
-    assert px in indices, px
-    return indices[px]
+from palette import intensity_to_index
 
 def convert(image, bpp):
     assert bpp in {8, 4, 2}, bpp
diff --git a/tools/png_to_nbpp_sprite.py b/tools/png_to_nbpp_sprite.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbe25be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/png_to_nbpp_sprite.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+from PIL import Image
+
+from palette import intensity_to_index
+
+cell_width = 16
+cell_height = 16
+
+def convert(image, bpp):
+    assert bpp in {8, 4, 2}, bpp
+    bits_per_byte = 8
+    px_per_byte = bits_per_byte // bpp
+    px_per_row = cell_width
+    bytes_per_row = (px_per_row // px_per_byte)
+
+    assert image.mode == 'L', image.mode
+    width, height = image.size
+
+    buf = bytearray(width * height // px_per_byte)
+
+    for cell_y in range(height//cell_height):
+        cell_y_start = cell_y * bytes_per_row * cell_height
+
+        for cell_x in range(width//cell_width):
+            cell_x_start = cell_y_start + bytes_per_row * cell_x
+
+            for y in range(cell_height):
+                for x in range(cell_width):
+                    px = im.getpixel((cell_x * cell_width + x, cell_y * cell_height + y))
+                    index = intensity_to_index(px)
+                    buf_ix = cell_x_start + x//px_per_byte + y * bytes_per_row
+
+                    buf[buf_ix] |= (index << bpp * ((px_per_byte - 1) - (x % px_per_byte)))
+    return buf
+
+# (pixels/row)
+# ------------  *
+# (pixels/byte)
+
+def debug(buf, bpp):
+    assert bpp in {8, 4, 2}, bpp
+    bits_per_byte = 8
+    px_per_byte = bits_per_byte // bpp
+    px_per_row = cell_width
+    bytes_per_row = (px_per_row // px_per_byte)
+    bit_mask = (2 ** bpp) - 1
+
+    for row in range(len(buf) // bytes_per_row):
+        for x in range(bytes_per_row):
+            px = buf[row * bytes_per_row + x]
+            for shift in reversed(range(px_per_byte)):
+                print((px >> (shift * bpp)) & bit_mask, end='')
+        print()
+        if (row % cell_height == (cell_height - 1)):
+            print()
+
+in_path = sys.argv[1]
+bpp = int(sys.argv[2])
+out_path = sys.argv[3]
+
+im = Image.open(in_path)
+buf = convert(im, bpp)
+if 'NBPP_DEBUG' in os.environ:
+    debug(buf, bpp)
+with open(out_path, 'wb') as f:
+    f.write(buf)