diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 145eee5..015b086 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -12,5 +12,6 @@ geometry/%.hpp: geometry/%.obj
 	mv $@.tmp $@
 
 include example/example.mk
+include pokemon/pokemon.mk
 
 .PHONY: phony
diff --git a/base.mk b/base.mk
index 2b555ea..1008f47 100644
--- a/base.mk
+++ b/base.mk
@@ -30,6 +30,17 @@ define BUILD_BINARY_O
 		$< $@
 endef
 
+as_obj_binary = _binary_$(subst .,_,$(subst /,_,$(1)))
+
+define BUILD_BINARY_H
+	@echo gen $@
+	@echo '#pragma once' > $@
+	@echo '#include <cstdint>' >> $@
+	@echo 'extern uint32_t $(call as_obj_binary,$<)_start __asm("$(call as_obj_binary,$<)_start");' >> $@
+	@echo 'extern uint32_t $(call as_obj_binary,$<)_end __asm("$(call as_obj_binary,$<)_end");' >> $@
+	@echo 'extern uint32_t $(call as_obj_binary,$<)_size __asm("$(call as_obj_binary,$<)_size");' >> $@
+endef
+
 %.bin.o: %.bin
 	$(BUILD_BINARY_O)
 
diff --git a/client.py b/client.py
index a6958b4..43596e6 100644
--- a/client.py
+++ b/client.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import sys
 import time
 
 #dest = 0xac21_0000
-dest = 0xac02_0000
+#dest = 0xac02_0000
+dest = 0xac01_0000
 
 ret = []
 
@@ -100,13 +101,53 @@ def do(ser, b):
     print()
     console(ser)
 
-def console(ser):
-    while True:
-        b = ser.read(1)
-        if b:
-            sys.stderr.buffer.write(b)
-            sys.stderr.flush()
+seen_length = 16
 
+def compare_str(s, seen, seen_ix):
+    assert len(s) <= seen_length, s
+    start = seen_length + (seen_ix - len(s))
+    for i, c in enumerate(s):
+        if c != seen[(start + i) % seen_length]:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+framebuffer_mode = False
+framebuffer = []
+
+def console(ser):
+    global framebuffer_mode
+    global framebuffer
+
+    seen = [0] * seen_length
+    seen_ix = 0
+    while True:
+        b = ser.read(ser.in_waiting)
+        if b == b'':
+            continue
+        for c in b:
+            seen[seen_ix % seen_length] = c
+            seen_ix += 1
+
+            if framebuffer_mode:
+                framebuffer.append(c)
+                if len(framebuffer) % 1000 == 0:
+                    print(len(framebuffer), (640 * 480 * 2), file=sys.stderr)
+                    sys.stderr.flush()
+            else:
+                sys.stderr.buffer.write(bytes([c]))
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+
+            if compare_str(b"<<FRAMEBUFFER>>", seen, seen_ix):
+                sys.stderr.write("\nMATCH\n")
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+                framebuffer_mode = True
+                framebuffer = []
+            if compare_str(b"<</FRAMEBUFFER>>", seen, seen_ix):
+                framebuffer_mode = False
+                sys.stderr.write("<</FRAMEBUFFER>>\n")
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+                with open('framebuffer.bin', 'wb') as f:
+                    f.write(bytes(framebuffer[:-16]))
 
 with open(sys.argv[1], 'rb') as f:
     b = f.read()
diff --git a/common.mk b/common.mk
index bcef840..696f83f 100644
--- a/common.mk
+++ b/common.mk
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ MAKEFILE_PATH := $(abspath $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))
 DIR := $(dir $(MAKEFILE_PATH))
 
 LIB ?= .
-OPT ?= -Og
+OPT ?= -O2
 GENERATED ?=
 
 AARCH = --isa=sh4 --little
@@ -79,9 +79,7 @@ sine.pcm: common.mk
 		/1ST_READ.BIN=./$< \
 		/=./COPYRIGH.TXT \
 		/=./ABSTRACT.TXT \
-		/=./BIBLIOGR.TXT \
-		/DUNE.PCM=./dune.pcm \
-		/REIGN.PCM=./reign.pcm
+		/=./BIBLIOGR.TXT
 
 %.cdi: %.iso
 	./cdi4dc $< $@ >/dev/null
diff --git a/example/clipping.cpp b/example/clipping.cpp
index 5fe6f71..c336128 100644
--- a/example/clipping.cpp
+++ b/example/clipping.cpp
@@ -221,16 +221,11 @@ void transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff00ff00);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * 8192) + 32) / 4];
@@ -267,7 +262,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
   float theta = 0;
   float x_pos = 0;
   float y_pos = 0;
@@ -311,14 +305,14 @@ void main()
     parameter.append<ta_global_parameter::end_of_list>() = ta_global_parameter::end_of_list(para_control::para_type::end_of_list);
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
     theta += (2.f * pi) / 720.f;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/clipping2.cpp b/example/clipping2.cpp
index 459039a..c0879c1 100644
--- a/example/clipping2.cpp
+++ b/example/clipping2.cpp
@@ -199,16 +199,11 @@ void transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * 8192) + 32) / 4];
@@ -245,16 +240,12 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
   float theta = 0;
   float x_pos = 0;
   float y_pos = 0;
 
   while (1) {
     do_get_condition(command_buf, receive_buf);
-    if (frame_ix % 120 == 0) {
-      serial::integer(data[0].analog_axis_3);
-    }
 
     ta_polygon_converter_init(opb_size.total(),
 			      ta_alloc,
@@ -290,13 +281,13 @@ void main()
     parameter.append<ta_global_parameter::end_of_list>() = ta_global_parameter::end_of_list(para_control::para_type::end_of_list);
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/clipping_textured.cpp b/example/clipping_textured.cpp
index 174deeb..1089656 100644
--- a/example/clipping_textured.cpp
+++ b/example/clipping_textured.cpp
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(128)
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(128);
 
-  const uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
+  const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
   const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_565
                                       | texture_control_word::scan_order::twiddled
                                       | texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address / 8);
@@ -220,23 +220,18 @@ void transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 void init_macaw_texture()
 {
   auto src = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&_binary_macaw_data_start);
   auto size  = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t>(&_binary_macaw_data_size);
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint16_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
 
   uint16_t temp[size / 3];
   for (uint32_t px = 0; px < size / 3; px++) {
@@ -247,7 +242,7 @@ void init_macaw_texture()
     uint16_t rgb565 = ((r / 8) << 11) | ((g / 4) << 5) | ((b / 8) << 0);
     temp[px] = rgb565;
   }
-  twiddle::texture(mem->texture, temp, 128, 128);
+  twiddle::texture(texture, temp, 128, 128);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * 8192) + 32) / 4];
@@ -285,7 +280,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
   float theta = 0;
   float x_pos = 0;
   float y_pos = 0;
@@ -328,13 +322,13 @@ void main()
     parameter.append<ta_global_parameter::end_of_list>() = ta_global_parameter::end_of_list(para_control::para_type::end_of_list);
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/cube.cpp b/example/cube.cpp
index 0f49e56..4527d1e 100644
--- a/example/cube.cpp
+++ b/example/cube.cpp
@@ -134,16 +134,11 @@ void transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * (5 * 6 + 1)) + 32) / 4];
@@ -177,7 +172,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   float theta = 0;
   vec3 lights[2] = {
@@ -204,14 +198,14 @@ void main()
     parameter.append<ta_global_parameter::end_of_list>() = ta_global_parameter::end_of_list(para_control::para_type::end_of_list);
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/dump_object_list.cpp b/example/dump_object_list.cpp
index 801acda..3ca0733 100644
--- a/example/dump_object_list.cpp
+++ b/example/dump_object_list.cpp
@@ -125,22 +125,20 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
+  auto object_list = &texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start / 4];
+  auto isp_tsp_parameters = &texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::isp_tsp_parameters.start / 4];
 
   // zeroize
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 0x00100000 / 4; i++) {
-    mem->object_list[i] = 0xeeeeeeee;
-    mem->isp_tsp_parameters[i] = 0xeeeeeeee;
+    object_list[i] = 0xeeeeeeee;
+    isp_tsp_parameters[i] = 0xeeeeeeee;
   }
 
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff222200);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-                (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-                640 / 32, // width
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
                 480 / 32, // height
                 opb_size
                 );
+  background_parameter(0xff222200);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * (strip_length + 2)) + 32) / 4];
@@ -153,13 +151,13 @@ static_assert((sizeof (union u32_u8)) == 4);
 
 void dump()
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
+  auto object_list = &texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start / 4];
+  auto isp_tsp_parameters = &texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::isp_tsp_parameters.start / 4];
 
   constexpr uint32_t screen_ol_size = 8 * 4 * (640 / 32) * (480 / 32);
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (screen_ol_size + 0x100) / 4; i++) {
     union u32_u8 n;
-    n.u32 = mem->object_list[i];
+    n.u32 = object_list[i];
 
     if (((i * 4) & 0x1f) == 0)
       serial::character('\n');
@@ -175,7 +173,7 @@ void dump()
 
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (0x100) / 4; i++) {
     union u32_u8 n;
-    n.u32 = mem->isp_tsp_parameters[i];
+    n.u32 = isp_tsp_parameters[i];
 
     if (((i * 4) & 0x1f) == 0)
       serial::character('\n');
@@ -213,7 +211,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   bool dumped = false;
   while (true) {
@@ -225,14 +222,14 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
 
     if (frame_ix == 10 && dumped == false) {
       dump();
diff --git a/example/example.mk b/example/example.mk
index 4f02d54..61b9cff 100644
--- a/example/example.mk
+++ b/example/example.mk
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ VIDEO_OUTPUT_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	sh7091/serial.o
 
-example/video_output.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/video_output.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/video_output.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(VIDEO_OUTPUT_OBJ)
 
 SPRITE_OBJ = \
@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@ SPRITE_OBJ = \
 	holly/region_array.o \
 	holly/background.o \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
-	sh7091/serial.o \
 	$(LIBGCC)
 
-example/sprite.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/sprite.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/sprite.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(SPRITE_OBJ)
 
 MACAW_OBJ = \
@@ -30,9 +29,10 @@ MACAW_OBJ = \
 	holly/background.o \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	holly/video_output.o \
+	sh7091/serial.o \
 	macaw.data.o
 
-example/macaw.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/macaw.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/macaw.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MACAW_OBJ)
 
 MACAW_TWIDDLE_OBJ = \
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ MACAW_TWIDDLE_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	macaw.data.o
 
-example/macaw_twiddle.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/macaw_twiddle.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/macaw_twiddle.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MACAW_TWIDDLE_OBJ)
 
 FONT_BITMAP_OBJ = \
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ FONT_BITMAP_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	sperrypc_8x8.data.o
 
-example/font_bitmap.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/font_bitmap.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/font_bitmap.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(FONT_BITMAP_OBJ)
 
 FONT_OUTLINE_OBJ = \
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ FONT_OUTLINE_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	dejavusansmono.data.o
 
-example/font_outline.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/font_outline.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/font_outline.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(FONT_OUTLINE_OBJ)
 
 FONT_OUTLINE_PUNCH_THROUGH_OBJ = \
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ FONT_OUTLINE_PUNCH_THROUGH_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	dejavusansmono_mono.data.o
 
-example/font_outline_punch_through.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/font_outline_punch_through.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/font_outline_punch_through.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(FONT_OUTLINE_PUNCH_THROUGH_OBJ)
 
 MACAW_MULTIPASS_OBJ = \
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ MACAW_MULTIPASS_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	macaw.data.o
 
-example/macaw_multipass.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/macaw_multipass.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/macaw_multipass.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MACAW_MULTIPASS_OBJ)
 
 TRANSLUCENCY_OBJ = \
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ TRANSLUCENCY_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	macaw.data.o
 
-example/translucency.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/translucency.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/translucency.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(TRANSLUCENCY_OBJ)
 
 CUBE_OBJ = \
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ CUBE_OBJ = \
 	holly/background.o \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o
 
-example/cube.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/cube.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/cube.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(CUBE_OBJ)
 
 ICOSPHERE_OBJ = \
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ ICOSPHERE_OBJ = \
 	holly/background.o \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o
 
-example/icosphere.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/icosphere.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/icosphere.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(ICOSPHERE_OBJ)
 
 SUZANNE_PROFILE_OBJ = \
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ SUZANNE_PROFILE_OBJ = \
 	sh7091/serial.o \
 	verite_8x16.data.o
 
-example/suzanne_profile.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/suzanne_profile.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/suzanne_profile.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(SUZANNE_PROFILE_OBJ)
 
 WIFFLE_ATTENUATION_OBJ = \
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ MODIFIER_VOLUME_OBJ = \
 	holly/background.o \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o
 
-example/modifier_volume.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/modifier_volume.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/modifier_volume.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MODIFIER_VOLUME_OBJ)
 
 MODIFIER_VOLUME_WITH_TWO_VOLUMES_OBJ = \
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ MODIFIER_VOLUME_WITH_TWO_VOLUMES_OBJ = \
 	maple/maple.o \
 	$(LIBGCC)
 
-example/modifier_volume_with_two_volumes.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/modifier_volume_with_two_volumes.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/modifier_volume_with_two_volumes.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MODIFIER_VOLUME_WITH_TWO_VOLUMES_OBJ)
 
 HEART_OBJ = \
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ HEART_OBJ = \
 	holly/background.o \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o
 
-example/heart.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/heart.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/heart.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(HEART_OBJ)
 
 VIEWING_SYSTEM_OBJ = \
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ VIEWING_SYSTEM_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	$(LIBGCC)
 
-example/viewing_system.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/viewing_system.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/viewing_system.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(VIEWING_SYSTEM_OBJ)
 
 MACAW_CUBE_OBJ = \
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ MACAW_CUBE_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	macaw.data.o
 
-example/macaw_cube.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/macaw_cube.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/macaw_cube.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MACAW_CUBE_OBJ)
 
 MACAW_CUBE_RENDER_TO_TEXTURE_OBJ = \
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ MACAW_CUBE_RENDER_TO_TEXTURE_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	macaw.data.o
 
-example/macaw_cube_render_to_texture.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/macaw_cube_render_to_texture.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/macaw_cube_render_to_texture.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MACAW_CUBE_RENDER_TO_TEXTURE_OBJ)
 
 CLIPPING_OBJ = \
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ CLIPPING_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	maple/maple.o
 
-example/clipping.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/clipping.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/clipping.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(CLIPPING_OBJ)
 
 CLIPPING2_OBJ = \
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ CLIPPING2_OBJ = \
 	sh7091/serial.o \
 	$(LIBGCC)
 
-example/clipping2.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/clipping2.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/clipping2.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(CLIPPING2_OBJ)
 
 CLIPPING_TEXTURED_OBJ = \
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ CLIPPING_TEXTURED_OBJ = \
 	macaw.data.o \
 	$(LIBGCC)
 
-example/clipping_textured.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/clipping_textured.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/clipping_textured.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(CLIPPING_TEXTURED_OBJ)
 
 MAPLE_DEVICE_REQUEST_OBJ = \
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ MAPLE_DEVICE_REQUEST_OBJ = \
 	sh7091/serial.o \
 	maple/maple.o
 
-example/maple_device_request.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/maple_device_request.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/maple_device_request.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MAPLE_DEVICE_REQUEST_OBJ)
 
 MAPLE_CONTROLLER_OBJ = \
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ MAPLE_CONTROLLER_OBJ = \
 	sh7091/serial.o \
 	maple/maple.o
 
-example/maple_controller.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/maple_controller.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/maple_controller.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MAPLE_CONTROLLER_OBJ)
 
 MAPLE_WINK_OBJ = \
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ MAPLE_WINK_OBJ = \
 	maple/maple.o \
 	wink.data.o
 
-example/maple_wink.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/maple_wink.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/maple_wink.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MAPLE_WINK_OBJ)
 
 MAPLE_VIBRATOR_OBJ = \
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ MAPLE_VIBRATOR_OBJ = \
 	sh7091/serial.o \
 	maple/maple.o
 
-example/maple_vibrator.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/maple_vibrator.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/maple_vibrator.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MAPLE_VIBRATOR_OBJ)
 
 MAPLE_ANALOG_OBJ = \
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ MAPLE_ANALOG_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	maple/maple.o
 
-example/maple_analog.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/maple_analog.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/maple_analog.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MAPLE_ANALOG_OBJ)
 
 SERIAL_TRANSFER_OBJ = \
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ INTERRUPT_OBJ = \
 	example/illslot.o \
 	sh7091/serial.o
 
-example/interrupt.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/interrupt.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/interrupt.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(INTERRUPT_OBJ)
 
 DUMP_OBJECT_LIST_OBJ = \
@@ -344,14 +344,14 @@ DUMP_OBJECT_LIST_OBJ = \
 	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
 	sh7091/serial.o
 
-example/dump_object_list.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/dump_object_list.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/dump_object_list.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(DUMP_OBJECT_LIST_OBJ)
 
 DUMP_RAM_OBJ = \
 	example/dump_ram.o \
 	sh7091/serial.o
 
-example/dump_ram.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/dump_ram.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/dump_ram.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(DUMP_RAM_OBJ)
 
 SOFTWARE_TA_OBJ = \
@@ -364,21 +364,21 @@ SOFTWARE_TA_OBJ = \
 	sh7091/serial.o \
 	libm.o
 
-example/software_ta.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/software_ta.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/software_ta.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(SOFTWARE_TA_OBJ)
 
 GDROM_TEST_OBJ = \
 	example/gdrom_test.o \
 	sh7091/serial.o
 
-example/gdrom_test.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/gdrom_test.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/gdrom_test.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(GDROM_TEST_OBJ)
 
 GDROM_ISO9660_OBJ = \
 	example/gdrom_iso9660.o \
 	sh7091/serial.o
 
-example/gdrom_iso9660.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/gdrom_iso9660.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/gdrom_iso9660.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(GDROM_ISO9660_OBJ)
 
 AICA_OBJ = \
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ AICA_OBJ = \
 	sh7091/serial.o \
 	example/arm/channel.bin.o
 
-example/aica.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/aica.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/aica.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(AICA_OBJ)
 
 AICA_GDROM_OBJ = \
@@ -394,5 +394,90 @@ AICA_GDROM_OBJ = \
 	sh7091/serial.o \
 	example/arm/sh4_interrupt.bin.o
 
-example/aica_gdrom.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/alt.lds
+example/aica_gdrom.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
 example/aica_gdrom.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(AICA_GDROM_OBJ)
+
+MAC_SATURATION_OBJ = \
+	example/mac_saturation.o \
+	example/macl_saturation.o \
+	example/macw_saturation.o \
+	sh7091/serial.o
+
+example/mac_saturation.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
+example/mac_saturation.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(MAC_SATURATION_OBJ)
+
+TA_INTERROGATION_OBJ = \
+	example/ta_interrogation.o \
+	holly/core.o \
+	holly/region_array.o \
+	holly/background.o \
+	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
+	holly/video_output.o \
+	sh7091/serial.o
+
+example/ta_interrogation.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
+example/ta_interrogation.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(TA_INTERROGATION_OBJ)
+
+DECODE_TEST_OBJ = \
+	example/decode_test.o \
+	sh7091/serial.o
+
+example/decode_test.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
+example/decode_test.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(DECODE_TEST_OBJ)
+
+TEXTURE_FILTERING_OBJ = \
+	example/texture_filtering.o \
+	holly/core.o \
+	holly/region_array.o \
+	holly/background.o \
+	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
+	holly/video_output.o \
+	bbb1.data.o \
+	bbb2.data.o \
+	bbb4.data.o \
+	bbb8.data.o \
+	bbb16.data.o \
+	bbb32.data.o \
+	bbb64.data.o \
+	bbb128.data.o \
+	bbb256.data.o \
+	bbb512.data.o \
+	bbb1024.data.o
+
+example/texture_filtering.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
+example/texture_filtering.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(TEXTURE_FILTERING_OBJ)
+
+TEXTURE_FILTERING_MAPLE_OBJ = \
+	example/texture_filtering_maple.o \
+	holly/core.o \
+	holly/region_array.o \
+	holly/background.o \
+	holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.o \
+	holly/video_output.o \
+	bbb1.data.o \
+	bbb2.data.o \
+	bbb4.data.o \
+	bbb8.data.o \
+	bbb16.data.o \
+	bbb32.data.o \
+	bbb64.data.o \
+	bbb128.data.o \
+	bbb256.data.o \
+	bbb512.data.o \
+	bbb1024.data.o \
+	maple/maple.o \
+	sh7091/serial.o \
+	font/font_bitmap.o \
+	verite_8x16.data.o
+
+example/texture_filtering_maple.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
+example/texture_filtering_maple.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(TEXTURE_FILTERING_MAPLE_OBJ)
+
+LFSR_OBJ = \
+	example/lfsr.o \
+	holly/core.o \
+	holly/video_output.o \
+	sh7091/serial.o
+
+example/lfsr.elf: LDSCRIPT = $(LIB)/main.lds
+example/lfsr.elf: $(START_OBJ) $(LFSR_OBJ)
diff --git a/example/font_bitmap.cpp b/example/font_bitmap.cpp
index e3df11b..25e79f2 100644
--- a/example/font_bitmap.cpp
+++ b/example/font_bitmap.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ struct vertex {
 
 /*
 // screen space coordinates
-const struct vertex quad_verticies[4] = {
+const struct vertex quad_vertices[4] = {
   { 0.f,  64.f,  0.01f, 0.f, 1.f  },
   { 0.f,  0.f,   0.01f, 0.f, 0.f  },
   { 64.f, 0.f,   0.01f, 1.f, 0.f  },
@@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf)
   parameter.append<global_sprite>() = sprite;
 
   parameter.append<vertex_sprite_type_1>() =
-    vertex_sprite_type_1(quad_verticies[0].x,
-			 quad_verticies[0].y,
-			 quad_verticies[0].z,
-			 quad_verticies[1].x,
-			 quad_verticies[1].y,
-			 quad_verticies[1].z,
-			 quad_verticies[2].x,
-			 quad_verticies[2].y,
-			 quad_verticies[2].z,
-			 quad_verticies[3].x,
-			 quad_verticies[3].y,
-			 uv_16bit(quad_verticies[0].u, quad_verticies[0].v),
-			 uv_16bit(quad_verticies[1].u, quad_verticies[1].v),
-			 uv_16bit(quad_verticies[2].u, quad_verticies[2].v));
+    vertex_sprite_type_1(quad_vertices[0].x,
+			 quad_vertices[0].y,
+			 quad_vertices[0].z,
+			 quad_vertices[1].x,
+			 quad_vertices[1].y,
+			 quad_vertices[1].z,
+			 quad_vertices[2].x,
+			 quad_vertices[2].y,
+			 quad_vertices[2].z,
+			 quad_vertices[3].x,
+			 quad_vertices[3].y,
+			 uv_16bit(quad_vertices[0].u, quad_vertices[0].v),
+			 uv_16bit(quad_vertices[1].u, quad_vertices[1].v),
+			 uv_16bit(quad_vertices[2].u, quad_vertices[2].v));
   // curiously, there is no `dz` in vertex_sprite_type_1
   // curiously, there is no `du_dv` in vertex_sprite_type_1
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf, const char * s, const uint32_t l
 					| tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(8);
 
     const uint32_t character_offset = ((8 * 8) / 2) * (s[string_ix] - ' ');
-    const uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
+    const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
     const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_4bpp_palette
 					| texture_control_word::scan_order::twiddled
                                         | texture_control_word::texture_address((texture_address + character_offset) / 8);
@@ -157,16 +157,9 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf, const char * s, const uint32_t l
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
+  background_parameter(0xff0000ff);
 
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff0000ff);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, 480 / 32, opb_size);
 }
 
 inline void inflate_character(const uint8_t * src, const uint8_t c)
@@ -187,8 +180,7 @@ inline void inflate_character(const uint8_t * src, const uint8_t c)
     //serial::character('\n');
   }
 
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
-  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(mem->texture);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
 
   uint32_t offset = ((8 * 8) / 2) * character_index;
 
@@ -259,7 +251,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   const char ana[18] = "A from ana i know";
 
@@ -272,13 +263,13 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
-    frame_ix++;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/font_outline.cpp b/example/font_outline.cpp
index 92a93b5..2c34b38 100644
--- a/example/font_outline.cpp
+++ b/example/font_outline.cpp
@@ -46,8 +46,6 @@ uint32_t transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 		   const char * s, const uint32_t len,
 		   const uint32_t y_offset)
 {
-  uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
-
   uint32_t advance = 0; // in 26.6 fixed-point
 
   for (uint32_t string_ix = 0; string_ix < len; string_ix++) {
@@ -73,6 +71,7 @@ uint32_t transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 					| tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(texture_width)
 					| tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(texture_height);
 
+    const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
     const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_4bpp_palette
 					| texture_control_word::scan_order::twiddled
 					| texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address / 8);
@@ -126,8 +125,6 @@ uint32_t transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 uint32_t transform2(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 		    const uint32_t texture_width, uint32_t texture_height)
 {
-  uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
-
   const uint32_t parameter_control_word = para_control::para_type::polygon_or_modifier_volume
 					| para_control::list_type::translucent
 					| obj_control::col_type::packed_color
@@ -142,6 +139,7 @@ uint32_t transform2(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 				      | tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(texture_width)
 				      | tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(texture_height);
 
+  const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
   const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_4bpp_palette
 				      | texture_control_word::scan_order::twiddled
 				      | texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address / 8);
@@ -184,24 +182,18 @@ uint32_t transform2(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff0000ff);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff0000ff);
 }
 
 void inflate_font(const uint32_t * src,
 		  const uint32_t stride,
 		  const uint32_t curve_end_ix)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
-  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(mem->texture);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint16_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
 
   twiddle::texture3<4, 8>(texture, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(src),
 			  stride,
@@ -260,7 +252,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   const char ana[18] = "A from ana i know";
   const char cabal[27] = "where is this secret cabal";
@@ -295,11 +286,11 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_translucent_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     frame_ix++;
diff --git a/example/font_outline_punch_through.cpp b/example/font_outline_punch_through.cpp
index cf4c7a7..07b0ce3 100644
--- a/example/font_outline_punch_through.cpp
+++ b/example/font_outline_punch_through.cpp
@@ -46,8 +46,6 @@ uint32_t transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
                    const char * s, const uint32_t len,
                    const uint32_t y_offset)
 {
-  uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
-
   uint32_t advance = 0; // in 26.6 fixed-point
 
   for (uint32_t string_ix = 0; string_ix < len; string_ix++) {
@@ -72,6 +70,7 @@ uint32_t transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 					| tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(texture_width)
 					| tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(texture_height);
 
+    const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
     const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_4bpp_palette
 					| texture_control_word::scan_order::twiddled
 					| texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address / 8);
@@ -125,8 +124,6 @@ uint32_t transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 uint32_t transform2(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
                     const uint32_t texture_width, uint32_t texture_height)
 {
-  uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
-
   const uint32_t parameter_control_word = para_control::para_type::polygon_or_modifier_volume
 					| para_control::list_type::opaque
 					| obj_control::col_type::packed_color
@@ -141,6 +138,7 @@ uint32_t transform2(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 				      | tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(texture_width)
 				      | tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(texture_height);
 
+  const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
   const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_4bpp_palette
 				      | texture_control_word::scan_order::twiddled
 				      | texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address / 8);
@@ -183,16 +181,11 @@ uint32_t transform2(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff0000ff);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-                (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-                640 / 32, // width
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
                 480 / 32, // height
                 opb_size
                 );
+  background_parameter(0xff0000ff);
 }
 
 constexpr inline uint32_t b(uint32_t v, uint32_t n)
@@ -204,8 +197,7 @@ void inflate_font(const uint32_t * src,
                   const uint32_t stride,
                   const uint32_t curve_end_ix)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
-  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(mem->texture);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint16_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
 
   twiddle::texture3<4, 1>(texture, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(src),
                           stride,
@@ -264,7 +256,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   const char ana[18] = "A from ana i know";
   const char cabal[27] = "where is this secret cabal";
@@ -301,11 +292,11 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_punch_through_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     frame_ix++;
diff --git a/example/heart.cpp b/example/heart.cpp
index 1a1f2d2..2b86397 100644
--- a/example/heart.cpp
+++ b/example/heart.cpp
@@ -230,17 +230,11 @@ void transform_model(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-  holly.VO_BORDER_COL = 0x00220000;
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * 8192) + 32) / 4];
@@ -274,7 +268,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   float theta = 0;
 
@@ -320,15 +313,15 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     constexpr float half_degree = 0.01745329f / 2;
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/icosphere.cpp b/example/icosphere.cpp
index 0d9f83c..4297c69 100644
--- a/example/icosphere.cpp
+++ b/example/icosphere.cpp
@@ -219,16 +219,11 @@ void transform2(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * 8192) + 32) / 4];
@@ -262,7 +257,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   float theta = 0;
   vec3 lights[3] = {
@@ -299,14 +293,14 @@ void main()
     parameter.append<ta_global_parameter::end_of_list>() = ta_global_parameter::end_of_list(para_control::para_type::end_of_list);
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/macaw.cpp b/example/macaw.cpp
index 42a4bed..803ff9a 100644
--- a/example/macaw.cpp
+++ b/example/macaw.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(128)
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(128);
 
-  const uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
+  const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
   const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_565
                                       | texture_control_word::scan_order::non_twiddled
                                       | texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address / 8);
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
     x1 = x * __builtin_cosf(theta) - z * __builtin_sinf(theta);
     z  = x * __builtin_sinf(theta) + z * __builtin_cosf(theta);
     x  = x1;
-    x *= 240.f;
-    y *= 240.f;
+    x *= 300.f;
+    y *= 300.f;
     x += 320.f;
     y += 240.f;
     z = 1.f / (z + 10.f);
@@ -106,30 +106,25 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff00ff00);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-                (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-                640 / 32, // width
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
                 480 / 32, // height
                 opb_size
                 );
+  background_parameter(0xff00ff00);
 }
 
 void copy_macaw_texture()
 {
   auto src = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&_binary_macaw_data_start);
   auto size  = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t>(&_binary_macaw_data_size);
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint16_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
   for (uint32_t px = 0; px < size / 3; px++) {
     uint8_t r = src[px * 3 + 0];
     uint8_t g = src[px * 3 + 1];
     uint8_t b = src[px * 3 + 2];
 
     uint16_t rgb565 = ((r / 8) << 11) | ((g / 4) << 5) | ((b / 8) << 0);
-    mem->texture[px] = rgb565;
+    texture[px] = rgb565;
   }
 }
 
@@ -148,9 +143,9 @@ void main()
                               | ta_alloc_ctrl::tm_opb::no_list
                               | ta_alloc_ctrl::t_opb::no_list
                               | ta_alloc_ctrl::om_opb::no_list
-                              | ta_alloc_ctrl::o_opb::_16x4byte;
+                              | ta_alloc_ctrl::o_opb::_8x4byte;
 
-  constexpr struct opb_size opb_size = { .opaque = 16 * 4
+  constexpr struct opb_size opb_size = { .opaque = 8 * 4
                                        , .opaque_modifier = 0
                                        , .translucent = 0
                                        , .translucent_modifier = 0
@@ -165,7 +160,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   while (true) {
     ta_polygon_converter_init(opb_size.total(),
@@ -176,17 +170,14 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
-
-    if (frame_ix > 10)
-      break;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/macaw_cube.cpp b/example/macaw_cube.cpp
index 06bd8bb..552e172 100644
--- a/example/macaw_cube.cpp
+++ b/example/macaw_cube.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ void transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(128)
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(128);
 
-  const uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
+  const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
   const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_565
                                       | texture_control_word::scan_order::non_twiddled
                                       | texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address / 8);
@@ -136,30 +136,25 @@ void transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xffff00ff);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 void copy_macaw_texture()
 {
   auto src = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&_binary_macaw_data_start);
   auto size  = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t>(&_binary_macaw_data_size);
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint16_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
   for (uint32_t px = 0; px < size / 3; px++) {
     uint8_t r = src[px * 3 + 0];
     uint8_t g = src[px * 3 + 1];
     uint8_t b = src[px * 3 + 2];
 
     uint16_t rgb565 = ((r / 8) << 11) | ((g / 4) << 5) | ((b / 8) << 0);
-    mem->texture[px] = rgb565;
+    texture[px] = rgb565;
   }
 }
 
@@ -195,7 +190,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   while (1) {
     ta_polygon_converter_init(opb_size.total(),
@@ -210,14 +204,14 @@ void main()
     parameter.append<ta_global_parameter::end_of_list>() = ta_global_parameter::end_of_list(para_control::para_type::end_of_list);
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/macaw_cube_render_to_texture.cpp b/example/macaw_cube_render_to_texture.cpp
index 62bcb63..ece8759 100644
--- a/example/macaw_cube_render_to_texture.cpp
+++ b/example/macaw_cube_render_to_texture.cpp
@@ -180,14 +180,14 @@ void copy_macaw_texture()
 {
   auto src = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&_binary_macaw_data_start);
   auto size  = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t>(&_binary_macaw_data_size);
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint16_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
   for (uint32_t px = 0; px < size / 3; px++) {
     uint8_t r = src[px * 3 + 0];
     uint8_t g = src[px * 3 + 1];
     uint8_t b = src[px * 3 + 2];
 
     uint16_t rgb565 = ((r / 8) << 11) | ((g / 4) << 5) | ((b / 8) << 0);
-    mem->texture[px] = rgb565;
+    texture[px] = rgb565;
   }
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ void main()
 
   // The address of `ta_parameter_buf` must be a multiple of 32 bytes.
   // This is mandatory for ch2-dma to the ta fifo polygon converter.
-  uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf = align_32byte(_ta_parameter_buf);
+  //uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf = align_32byte(_ta_parameter_buf);
 
   holly.SOFTRESET = softreset::pipeline_soft_reset
 		  | softreset::ta_soft_reset;
@@ -243,23 +243,18 @@ void main()
 
   core_init();
 
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   constexpr uint32_t texture_size = 256;
 
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
   while (1) {
-    region_array2(mem->region_array,
-		  (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		  texture_size / 32, // width
+    region_array2(texture_size / 32, // width
 		  texture_size / 32, // height
 		  opb_size
 		  );
 
-    background_parameter(mem->background, 0xffff00ff);
-
+    /*
     render(texture_size, texture_size,
 	   (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture)),
 	   128,
@@ -270,11 +265,7 @@ void main()
 		      0, 0);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
-    background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff0000ff);
-
-    region_array2(mem->region_array,
-		  (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		  640 / 32, // width
+    region_array2(640 / 32, // width
 		  480 / 32, // height
 		  opb_size
 		  );
@@ -288,12 +279,13 @@ void main()
 		      0x00096000, // framesize
 		      frame_ix, num_frames);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
+    */
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/macaw_multipass.cpp b/example/macaw_multipass.cpp
index 65d97f4..9b26f75 100644
--- a/example/macaw_multipass.cpp
+++ b/example/macaw_multipass.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
 					| tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(128)
 					| tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(128);
 
-    const uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
+    const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
     const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_565
 					| texture_control_word::scan_order::non_twiddled
 					| texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address / 8);
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
     x1 = x * __builtin_cosf(theta) - z * __builtin_sinf(theta);
     z  = x * __builtin_sinf(theta) + z * __builtin_cosf(theta);
     x  = x1;
-    x *= 256.f;
-    y *= 256.f;
+    x *= 640.f;
+    y *= 640.f;
     x += 320.f;
     y += 240.f;
     z = 1.f / (z + 10.f);
@@ -132,45 +132,38 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
   return parameter.offset;
 }
 
-void init_texture_memory(uint32_t render_passes)
+void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size * opb_size, uint32_t render_passes)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff00ff00);
-
-  region_array_multipass(mem->region_array,
-			 (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-			 640 / 32, // width
+  region_array_multipass(640 / 32, // width
 			 480 / 32, // height
-			 render_passes // num_render_passes
+			 opb_size,
+			 render_passes
 			 );
+
+  background_parameter(0xff00ff00);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * (strip_length + 2)) + 32) / 4];
 
-void main()
+void copy_macaw_texture()
 {
-  video_output::set_mode_vga();
-
   auto src = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&_binary_macaw_data_start);
   auto size  = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t>(&_binary_macaw_data_size);
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint16_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
   for (uint32_t px = 0; px < size / 3; px++) {
     uint8_t r = src[px * 3 + 0];
     uint8_t g = src[px * 3 + 1];
     uint8_t b = src[px * 3 + 2];
 
     uint16_t rgb565 = ((r / 8) << 11) | ((g / 4) << 5) | ((b / 8) << 0);
-    mem->texture[px] = rgb565;
+    texture[px] = rgb565;
   }
+}
 
-  holly.SOFTRESET = softreset::pipeline_soft_reset
-		  | softreset::ta_soft_reset;
-  holly.SOFTRESET = 0;
-
-  core_init();
-  constexpr uint32_t render_passes = 2;
-  init_texture_memory(render_passes);
+void main()
+{
+  video_output::set_mode_vga();
+  copy_macaw_texture();
 
   // The address of `ta_parameter_buf` must be a multiple of 32 bytes.
   // This is mandatory for ch2-dma to the ta fifo polygon converter.
@@ -205,11 +198,18 @@ void main()
     }
   };
 
+  holly.SOFTRESET = softreset::pipeline_soft_reset
+		  | softreset::ta_soft_reset;
+  holly.SOFTRESET = 0;
+
+  core_init();
+  constexpr uint32_t render_passes = 2;
+  init_texture_memory(opb_size, render_passes);
+
   constexpr uint32_t tiles = (640 / 32) * (480 / 32);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
-  uint32_t ta_parameter_size[2];
+  uint32_t ta_parameter_size;
 
   while (true) {
     // first render pass
@@ -217,25 +217,25 @@ void main()
 			      ta_alloc[0],
 			      640 / 32,
 			      480 / 32);
-    ta_parameter_size[0] = transform(ta_parameter_buf, strip_vertices, strip_length, 0);
-    ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size[0]);
+    ta_parameter_size = transform(ta_parameter_buf, strip_vertices, strip_length, 0);
+    ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
 
     // second render pass
     ta_polygon_converter_cont(opb_size[0].total() * tiles,
 			      ta_alloc[1]);
-    ta_parameter_size[1] = transform(ta_parameter_buf, strip_vertices, strip_length, 1);
-    ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size[1]);
+    ta_parameter_size = transform(ta_parameter_buf, strip_vertices, strip_length, 1);
+    ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size);
     ta_wait_translucent_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/macaw_twiddle.cpp b/example/macaw_twiddle.cpp
index 05d21f4..731de6b 100644
--- a/example/macaw_twiddle.cpp
+++ b/example/macaw_twiddle.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(128)
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(128);
 
-  const uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
+  const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
   const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_565
                                       | texture_control_word::scan_order::twiddled
                                       | texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address / 8);
@@ -107,23 +107,18 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff00ff00);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 void init_macaw_texture()
 {
   auto src = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&_binary_macaw_data_start);
   auto size  = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t>(&_binary_macaw_data_size);
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint16_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
 
   uint16_t temp[size / 3];
   for (uint32_t px = 0; px < size / 3; px++) {
@@ -134,7 +129,7 @@ void init_macaw_texture()
     uint16_t rgb565 = ((r / 8) << 11) | ((g / 4) << 5) | ((b / 8) << 0);
     temp[px] = rgb565;
   }
-  twiddle::texture(mem->texture, temp, 128, 128);
+  twiddle::texture(texture, temp, 128, 128);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * (strip_length + 2)) + 32) / 4];
@@ -169,7 +164,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   while (true) {
     ta_polygon_converter_init(opb_size.total(),
@@ -180,14 +174,14 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/maple_analog.cpp b/example/maple_analog.cpp
index 8378645..b86aba0 100644
--- a/example/maple_analog.cpp
+++ b/example/maple_analog.cpp
@@ -145,16 +145,11 @@ void transform(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * 8192) + 32) / 4];
@@ -191,7 +186,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   while (1) {
     do_get_condition(command_buf, receive_buf);
@@ -228,13 +222,13 @@ void main()
     parameter.append<ta_global_parameter::end_of_list>() = ta_global_parameter::end_of_list(para_control::para_type::end_of_list);
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/modifier_volume.cpp b/example/modifier_volume.cpp
index 0b3fcc4..aaa79dd 100644
--- a/example/modifier_volume.cpp
+++ b/example/modifier_volume.cpp
@@ -168,16 +168,11 @@ void transform_modifier_volume(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * 8192) + 32) / 4];
@@ -211,7 +206,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   float theta = 0;
 
@@ -260,15 +254,15 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_modifier_volume_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     constexpr float half_degree = 0.01745329f / 2;
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/modifier_volume_with_two_volumes.cpp b/example/modifier_volume_with_two_volumes.cpp
index ad26f8e..4c90ab5 100644
--- a/example/modifier_volume_with_two_volumes.cpp
+++ b/example/modifier_volume_with_two_volumes.cpp
@@ -188,16 +188,18 @@ void transform_polygon(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(128)
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(128);
 
-  uint32_t texture_address0 = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture)) + 128 * 128 * 2 * 0;
-  uint32_t texture_address1 = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture)) + 128 * 128 * 2 * 1;
+  const uint32_t texture_address_0 = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start
+                                   + 128 * 128 * 2 * 0;
+  const uint32_t texture_address_1 = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start
+                                   + 128 * 128 * 2 * 1;
 
   const uint32_t texture_control_word_0 = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_565
 					| texture_control_word::scan_order::twiddled
-					| texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address0 / 8);
+					| texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address_0 / 8);
 
   const uint32_t texture_control_word_1 = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_565
 					| texture_control_word::scan_order::twiddled
-					| texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address1 / 8);
+					| texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address_1 / 8);
 
   parameter.append<ta_global_parameter::polygon_type_3>() =
     ta_global_parameter::polygon_type_3(parameter_control_word,
@@ -294,16 +296,11 @@ void transform_modifier_volume(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 void
@@ -311,7 +308,7 @@ load_texture(const uint8_t * src,
 	     const uint32_t size,
 	     const uint32_t ix)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint16_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
 
   uint16_t temp[size / 3];
   for (uint32_t px = 0; px < size / 3; px++) {
@@ -322,7 +319,7 @@ load_texture(const uint8_t * src,
     uint16_t rgb565 = ((r / 8) << 11) | ((g / 4) << 5) | ((b / 8) << 0);
     temp[px] = rgb565;
   }
-  twiddle::texture(&mem->texture[(128 * 128 * 2 * ix) / 2], temp, 128, 128);
+  twiddle::texture(&texture[(128 * 128 * 2 * ix) / 2], temp, 128, 128);
 }
 
 void update_rot_pos(struct rot_pos& rot_pos)
@@ -387,7 +384,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   struct rot_pos rot_pos = { 0.f, 0.f, 0.f };
 
@@ -443,13 +439,13 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_modifier_volume_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/software_ta.cpp b/example/software_ta.cpp
index 3db1492..b588571 100644
--- a/example/software_ta.cpp
+++ b/example/software_ta.cpp
@@ -74,22 +74,20 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
+  auto object_list = &texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start / 4];
+  auto isp_tsp_parameters = &texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::isp_tsp_parameters.start / 4];
 
   // zeroize
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 0x00100000 / 4; i++) {
-    mem->object_list[i] = 0xeeeeeeee;
-    mem->isp_tsp_parameters[i] = 0xeeeeeeee;
+    object_list[i] = 0xeeeeeeee;
+    isp_tsp_parameters[i] = 0xeeeeeeee;
   }
 
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff222200);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-                (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-                640 / 32, // width
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
                 480 / 32, // height
                 opb_size
                 );
+  background_parameter(0xff222200);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * (32 + 2)) + 32) / 4];
@@ -102,12 +100,13 @@ static_assert((sizeof (union u32_u8)) == 4);
 
 void dump()
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
+  auto object_list = &texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start / 4];
+  auto isp_tsp_parameters = &texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::isp_tsp_parameters.start / 4];
 
   constexpr uint32_t screen_ol_size = 8 * 4 * (640 / 32) * (480 / 32);
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (screen_ol_size + 0x100) / 4; i++) {
     union u32_u8 n;
-    n.u32 = mem->object_list[i];
+    n.u32 = object_list[i];
 
     if (((i * 4) & 0x1f) == 0)
       serial::character('\n');
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@ void dump()
 
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (0x100) / 4; i++) {
     union u32_u8 n;
-    n.u32 = mem->isp_tsp_parameters[i];
+    n.u32 = isp_tsp_parameters[i];
 
     if (((i * 4) & 0x1f) == 0)
       serial::character('\n');
@@ -182,7 +181,6 @@ void main()
 
   float theta = 0;
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   bool hardware_ta = false;
 
@@ -193,6 +191,9 @@ void main()
     { 0.5f,  0.5f},
   };
 
+  auto object_list = &texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start / 4];
+  auto isp_tsp_parameters = &texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::isp_tsp_parameters.start / 4];
+
   while (true) {
     if ((frame_ix & 255) == 0) {
       holly.SOFTRESET = softreset::pipeline_soft_reset;
@@ -210,7 +211,6 @@ void main()
     qq.c = rotate(q.c, theta);
     qq.d = rotate(q.d, theta);
 
-    auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
     if (hardware_ta) {
       ta_polygon_converter_init(opb_size.total(),
                                 ta_alloc,
@@ -220,19 +220,19 @@ void main()
       ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size);
       ta_wait_opaque_list();
     } else {
-      software_ta::object_pointer_blocks<8>(mem->object_list, qq);
-      software_ta::isp_tsp_parameters(mem->isp_tsp_parameters, qq);
+      software_ta::object_pointer_blocks<8>(object_list, qq);
+      software_ta::isp_tsp_parameters(isp_tsp_parameters, qq);
     }
-    software_ta::opb_checkerboard_pattern<8>(mem->object_list);
+    software_ta::opb_checkerboard_pattern<8>(object_list);
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
     theta += half_degree;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/sprite.cpp b/example/sprite.cpp
index 8670980..de57cc8 100644
--- a/example/sprite.cpp
+++ b/example/sprite.cpp
@@ -79,16 +79,11 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf)
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 + 64 + 32) + 32) / 4];
@@ -122,7 +117,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   while (true) {
     ta_polygon_converter_init(opb_size.total(),
@@ -133,13 +127,13 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/suzanne_profile.cpp b/example/suzanne_profile.cpp
index 3928cf8..719632b 100644
--- a/example/suzanne_profile.cpp
+++ b/example/suzanne_profile.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "sh7091/sh7091.hpp"
 #include "sh7091/sh7091_bits.hpp"
 #include "sh7091/serial.hpp"
+#include "palette.hpp"
 
 #include "geometry/suzanne.hpp"
 #include "geometry/circle.hpp"
@@ -226,16 +227,12 @@ void transform2(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
 		480 / 32, // height
 		opb_size
 		);
+
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * 8192) + 32) / 4];
@@ -255,13 +252,15 @@ static inline void label_number(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
                                 8,  16, // glyph
                                 16 + (8 * (max_label_len - len)), // position x
                                 16 * row,                         // position y
-                                label, len);
+                                label, len,
+				para_control::list_type::opaque);
   font_bitmap::transform_string(parameter,
                                 8,  16, // texture
                                 8,  16, // glyph
                                 16 + (8 * (max_label_len + 1)),   // position x
                                 16 * row,                         // position y
-                                buf, 8);
+                                buf, 8,
+				para_control::list_type::opaque);
 }
 
 void main()
@@ -282,7 +281,7 @@ void main()
                        8,  // texture_width
                        16, // texture_height
                        src);
-  font_bitmap::palette_data();
+  palette_data<3>();
 
   // The address of `ta_parameter_buf` must be a multiple of 32 bytes.
   // This is mandatory for ch2-dma to the ta fifo polygon converter.
@@ -309,7 +308,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   float theta = 0;
   vec3 lights[3] = {
@@ -387,15 +385,15 @@ void main()
     t_transfer_end = sh7091.TMU.TCNT0;
 
     t_render_start = sh7091.TMU.TCNT0;
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
     t_render_end = sh7091.TMU.TCNT0;
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     theta += half_degree * 0.5;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/translucency.cpp b/example/translucency.cpp
index 36e3e2b..95a050c 100644
--- a/example/translucency.cpp
+++ b/example/translucency.cpp
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
 					| tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(128)
 					| tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(128);
 
-    const uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
+    const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
     const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_565
 					| texture_control_word::scan_order::non_twiddled
 					| texture_control_word::texture_address(texture_address / 8);
@@ -132,16 +132,11 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xffffff00);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-		(offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * (strip_length + 2)) * 2 + 32) / 4];
@@ -152,14 +147,14 @@ void main()
 
   auto src = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&_binary_macaw_data_start);
   auto size  = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t>(&_binary_macaw_data_size);
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint16_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
   for (uint32_t px = 0; px < size / 3; px++) {
     uint8_t r = src[px * 3 + 0];
     uint8_t g = src[px * 3 + 1];
     uint8_t b = src[px * 3 + 2];
 
     uint16_t rgb565 = ((r / 8) << 11) | ((g / 4) << 5) | ((b / 8) << 0);
-    mem->texture[px] = rgb565;
+    texture[px] = rgb565;
   }
 
   // The address of `ta_parameter_buf` must be a multiple of 32 bytes.
@@ -187,7 +182,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   while (true) {
     ta_polygon_converter_init(opb_size.total(),
@@ -200,14 +194,14 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size);
     ta_wait_translucent_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/video_output.cpp b/example/video_output.cpp
index 568913c..b9c7db7 100644
--- a/example/video_output.cpp
+++ b/example/video_output.cpp
@@ -110,13 +110,9 @@ uint32_t transform(uint32_t * ta_parameter_buf,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size, const struct video_output::framebuffer_resolution& framebuffer_resolution)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		framebuffer_resolution.width  / 32, // width
+  region_array2(framebuffer_resolution.width  / 32, // width
 		framebuffer_resolution.height / 32, // height
 		opb_size
 		);
@@ -153,7 +149,6 @@ void main()
 
   float theta = 0;
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   while (true) {
     ta_polygon_converter_init(opb_size.total(),
@@ -164,14 +159,12 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, ta_parameter_size);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
 
-    core_start_render((offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, framebuffer)),
-		      framebuffer_resolution.width, // frame_width
-		      0x00096000, // frame_size
-		      frame_ix, num_frames);;
+    core_start_render(framebuffer_resolution.width, // frame_width
+		      frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     if (cable_type != video_output::get_cable_type()) {
       cable_type = video_output::get_cable_type();
       framebuffer_resolution = video_output::set_mode_by_cable_type(cable_type);
@@ -182,6 +175,6 @@ void main()
 
     constexpr float half_degree = 0.01745329f / 2.f;
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/viewing_system.cpp b/example/viewing_system.cpp
index 5e0f534..20f8188 100644
--- a/example/viewing_system.cpp
+++ b/example/viewing_system.cpp
@@ -103,17 +103,11 @@ void ta_upload(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-  holly.VO_BORDER_COL = 0x00220000;
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 void main()
@@ -147,7 +141,6 @@ void main()
   float delta = 0;
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   while (true) {
 
@@ -212,14 +205,14 @@ void main()
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
 
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
     delta += pi * 2 / 360;
   }
 }
diff --git a/example/wiffle_attenuation.cpp b/example/wiffle_attenuation.cpp
index 40e8226..d9fefca 100644
--- a/example/wiffle_attenuation.cpp
+++ b/example/wiffle_attenuation.cpp
@@ -230,16 +230,11 @@ void transform2(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 
 void init_texture_memory(const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory32);
-
-  background_parameter(mem->background, 0xff220000);
-
-  region_array2(mem->region_array,
-	        (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)),
-		640 / 32, // width
-		480 / 32, // height
-		opb_size
-		);
+  region_array2(640 / 32, // width
+                480 / 32, // height
+                opb_size
+                );
+  background_parameter(0xff220000);
 }
 
 uint32_t _ta_parameter_buf[((32 * 8192) + 32) / 4];
@@ -273,7 +268,6 @@ void main()
   init_texture_memory(opb_size);
 
   uint32_t frame_ix = 0;
-  constexpr uint32_t num_frames = 1;
 
   float theta = 0;
   vec3 lights[3] = {
@@ -310,14 +304,14 @@ void main()
     parameter.append<ta_global_parameter::end_of_list>() = ta_global_parameter::end_of_list(para_control::para_type::end_of_list);
     ta_polygon_converter_transfer(ta_parameter_buf, parameter.offset);
     ta_wait_opaque_list();
-    core_start_render(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_start_render(frame_ix);
     core_wait_end_of_render_video();
 
     while (!spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
-    core_flip(frame_ix, num_frames);
+    core_flip(frame_ix);
     while (spg_status::vsync(holly.SPG_STATUS));
 
     theta += half_degree;
-    frame_ix += 1;
+    frame_ix = (frame_ix + 1) & 1;;
   }
 }
diff --git a/font/font_bitmap.cpp b/font/font_bitmap.cpp
index f609380..5faba14 100644
--- a/font/font_bitmap.cpp
+++ b/font/font_bitmap.cpp
@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ static inline void inflate_character(const uint32_t pitch,
     }
   }
 
-  auto mem = reinterpret_cast<volatile texture_memory_alloc *>(texture_memory64);
-  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(mem->texture);
+  auto texture = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(&texture_memory64[texture_memory_alloc::texture.start / 4]);
 
   const uint32_t texture_offset = texture_width * texture_height * character_index / 2;
   twiddle::texture2<4>(&texture[texture_offset / 4], // uint32_t *
@@ -57,14 +56,14 @@ static inline void inflate_character(const uint32_t pitch,
 		       texture_width * texture_height);
 }
 
-void inflate(const uint32_t pitch,
-             const uint32_t width,
-             const uint32_t height,
-             const uint32_t texture_width,
-             const uint32_t texture_height,
-             const uint8_t * src)
+uint32_t inflate(const uint32_t pitch,
+		 const uint32_t width,
+		 const uint32_t height,
+		 const uint32_t texture_width,
+		 const uint32_t texture_height,
+		 const uint8_t * src)
 {
-  for (uint8_t ix = 0x20; ix < 0x7f; ix++) {
+  for (uint8_t ix = 0x20; ix <= 0x7f; ix++) {
     inflate_character(pitch,
                       width,
                       height,
@@ -73,6 +72,7 @@ void inflate(const uint32_t pitch,
                       src,
                       ix);
   }
+  return ((0x7f - 0x20) + 1) * texture_width * texture_height / 2;
 }
 
 void palette_data()
@@ -108,25 +108,30 @@ void transform_string(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
                       const int32_t position_x,
                       const int32_t position_y,
                       const char * s,
-                      const uint32_t len
+                      const int32_t len,
+		      const uint32_t list_type
                       )
 {
   const uint32_t parameter_control_word = para_control::para_type::polygon_or_modifier_volume
-                                        | para_control::list_type::opaque
+                                        | list_type
                                         | obj_control::col_type::packed_color
                                         | obj_control::texture;
 
   const uint32_t isp_tsp_instruction_word = isp_tsp_instruction_word::depth_compare_mode::always
                                           | isp_tsp_instruction_word::culling_mode::no_culling;
 
-  const uint32_t tsp_instruction_word = tsp_instruction_word::src_alpha_instr::one
+  const uint32_t tsp_instruction_word = tsp_instruction_word::src_alpha_instr::src_alpha
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::dst_alpha_instr::zero
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::fog_control::no_fog
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_u_size::from_int(texture_width)
                                       | tsp_instruction_word::texture_v_size::from_int(texture_height);
 
-  for (uint32_t string_ix = 0; string_ix < len; string_ix++) {
-    const uint32_t texture_address = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture));
+  int32_t string_ix = 0;
+  while (true) {
+    if (len < 0) {
+      if (s[string_ix] == 0) break;
+    } else if (string_ix >= len) break;
+    const uint32_t texture_address = texture_memory_alloc::texture.start;
     const uint32_t glyph_address = texture_address + texture_width * texture_height * (s[string_ix] - ' ') / 2;
     const uint32_t texture_control_word = texture_control_word::pixel_format::_4bpp_palette
 					| texture_control_word::scan_order::twiddled
@@ -154,7 +159,7 @@ void transform_string(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
       y *= static_cast<float>(glyph_height * 1);
       x += static_cast<float>(position_x + glyph_width * string_ix);
       y += static_cast<float>(position_y);
-      z = 1.f / (z + 10.f);
+      z = 1.f;
 
       u *= static_cast<float>(glyph_width) / static_cast<float>(texture_width);
       v *= static_cast<float>(glyph_height) / static_cast<float>(texture_height);
@@ -167,6 +172,7 @@ void transform_string(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
 					    0  // offset_color
 					    );
     }
+    string_ix++;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/font/font_bitmap.hpp b/font/font_bitmap.hpp
index 41d188f..ae50c38 100644
--- a/font/font_bitmap.hpp
+++ b/font/font_bitmap.hpp
@@ -6,14 +6,12 @@
 
 namespace font_bitmap {
 
-void inflate(const uint32_t pitch,
-             const uint32_t width,
-             const uint32_t height,
-             const uint32_t texture_width,
-             const uint32_t texture_height,
-             const uint8_t * src);
-
-void palette_data();
+uint32_t inflate(const uint32_t pitch,
+		 const uint32_t width,
+		 const uint32_t height,
+		 const uint32_t texture_width,
+		 const uint32_t texture_height,
+		 const uint8_t * src);
 
 void transform_string(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
                       const uint32_t texture_width,
@@ -23,7 +21,8 @@ void transform_string(ta_parameter_writer& parameter,
                       const int32_t position_x,
                       const int32_t position_y,
                       const char * s,
-                      const uint32_t len
+                      const int32_t len,
+		      const uint32_t list_type
                       );
 
 }
diff --git a/holly/background.cpp b/holly/background.cpp
index 56167d9..a289635 100644
--- a/holly/background.cpp
+++ b/holly/background.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 
 #include "isp_tsp.hpp"
+#include "texture_memory_alloc.hpp"
+#include "memorymap.hpp"
 
 struct vertex_parameter {
   float x;
@@ -18,9 +20,10 @@ struct isp_tsp_parameter {
 
 static_assert((sizeof (isp_tsp_parameter)) == (4 * 3 + 3) * 4);
 
-void background_parameter(volatile uint32_t * buf, uint32_t color)
+void background_parameter(const uint32_t color)
 {
-  volatile isp_tsp_parameter * parameter = reinterpret_cast<volatile isp_tsp_parameter *>(buf);
+  auto parameter = reinterpret_cast<volatile isp_tsp_parameter *>
+    (&texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::background.start / 4]);
 
   parameter->isp_tsp_instruction_word
     = isp_tsp_instruction_word::depth_compare_mode::always
diff --git a/holly/background.hpp b/holly/background.hpp
index a567f81..c046f7e 100644
--- a/holly/background.hpp
+++ b/holly/background.hpp
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 
 #include <cstdint>
 
-void background_parameter(volatile uint32_t * buf, uint32_t color);
+void background_parameter(const uint32_t color);
diff --git a/holly/core.cpp b/holly/core.cpp
index 65e35d0..bec7824 100644
--- a/holly/core.cpp
+++ b/holly/core.cpp
@@ -52,14 +52,15 @@ void core_init()
 }
 
 void core_start_render(uint32_t frame_address,
-		       uint32_t frame_width,      // in pixels
-		       uint32_t frame_size,       // in bytes
-		       uint32_t frame_ix, uint32_t num_frames)
+		       uint32_t frame_width      // in pixels
+		       )
 {
-  holly.REGION_BASE = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, region_array));
-  holly.PARAM_BASE = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, isp_tsp_parameters));
+  holly.REGION_BASE = texture_memory_alloc::region_array.start;
+  holly.PARAM_BASE = texture_memory_alloc::isp_tsp_parameters.start;
 
-  holly.ISP_BACKGND_T = isp_backgnd_t::tag_address((offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, background)) / 4)
+  constexpr int32_t background_offset = (texture_memory_alloc::background.start - texture_memory_alloc::isp_tsp_parameters.start);
+  static_assert(background_offset >= 0);
+  holly.ISP_BACKGND_T = isp_backgnd_t::tag_address(background_offset / 4)
                       | isp_backgnd_t::tag_offset(0)
                       | isp_backgnd_t::skip(1);
   holly.ISP_BACKGND_D = _i(1.f/100000.f);
@@ -68,18 +69,18 @@ void core_start_render(uint32_t frame_address,
   constexpr uint32_t bytes_per_pixel = 2;
   holly.FB_W_LINESTRIDE = (frame_width * bytes_per_pixel) / 8;
 
-  const uint32_t w_fb = (frame_ix & num_frames) * frame_size;
-  holly.FB_W_SOF1 = frame_address + w_fb;
+  holly.FB_W_SOF1 = frame_address;
 
   holly.STARTRENDER = 1;
 }
 
-void core_start_render(uint32_t frame_ix, uint32_t num_frames)
+constexpr uint32_t framebuffer_frame_size = 0x00096000 * 2;
+
+void core_start_render(uint32_t frame_ix)
 {
-  core_start_render((offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, framebuffer)),
-		    640,        // frame_width
-		    0x00096000, // frame_size
-		    frame_ix, num_frames);
+  core_start_render(texture_memory_alloc::framebuffer[frame_ix].start,
+		    640
+		    );
 }
 
 void core_wait_end_of_render_video()
@@ -94,8 +95,7 @@ void core_wait_end_of_render_video()
 		| istnrm::end_of_render_video;
 }
 
-void core_flip(uint32_t frame_ix, uint32_t num_frames)
+void core_flip(uint32_t frame_ix)
 {
-  uint32_t r_fb = (frame_ix & num_frames) * 0x00096000;
-  holly.FB_R_SOF1 = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, framebuffer)) + r_fb;
+  holly.FB_R_SOF1 = texture_memory_alloc::framebuffer[frame_ix].start;
 }
diff --git a/holly/core.hpp b/holly/core.hpp
index 608024a..bb7f660 100644
--- a/holly/core.hpp
+++ b/holly/core.hpp
@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
 void core_init();
 
 void core_start_render(uint32_t frame_address,
-		       uint32_t frame_width,      // in pixels
-		       uint32_t frame_size,       // in bytes
-		       uint32_t frame_ix, uint32_t num_frames);
-void core_start_render(uint32_t frame_ix, uint32_t num_frames);
+		       uint32_t frame_width); // in pixels
+
+void core_start_render(uint32_t frame_ix);
 
 void core_wait_end_of_render_video();
-void core_flip(uint32_t frame_ix, uint32_t num_frames);
+void core_flip(uint32_t frame_ix);
diff --git a/holly/isp_tsp.hpp b/holly/isp_tsp.hpp
index 4f6ae1a..0440ee2 100644
--- a/holly/isp_tsp.hpp
+++ b/holly/isp_tsp.hpp
@@ -59,8 +59,15 @@ namespace tsp_instruction_word {
     constexpr uint32_t inverse_dst_alpha = 7 << 26;
   }
 
-  constexpr uint32_t src_select = 1 << 25;
-  constexpr uint32_t dst_select = 1 << 24;
+  namespace src_select {
+    constexpr uint32_t primary_accumulation_buffer = 0 << 25;
+    constexpr uint32_t secondary_accumulation_buffer = 1 << 25;
+  }
+
+  namespace dst_select {
+    constexpr uint32_t primary_accumulation_buffer = 0 << 24;
+    constexpr uint32_t secondary_accumulation_buffer = 1 << 24;
+  }
 
   namespace fog_control {
     constexpr uint32_t look_up_table = 0b00 << 22;
@@ -177,6 +184,11 @@ namespace texture_control_word {
     constexpr uint32_t twiddled = 0 << 26;
     constexpr uint32_t non_twiddled = 1 << 26;
   }
+
+  constexpr uint32_t palette_selector(uint32_t a) {
+    return (a & 0x3f) << 21;
+  }
+
   constexpr uint32_t stride_select = 1 << 25;
 
   // in 8-byte units
diff --git a/holly/region_array.cpp b/holly/region_array.cpp
index fa808d7..c6a36d5 100644
--- a/holly/region_array.cpp
+++ b/holly/region_array.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 
 #include "region_array.hpp"
+#include "texture_memory_alloc.hpp"
+#include "memorymap.hpp"
 
 #define REGION_ARRAY__LAST_REGION (1 << 31)
 #define REGION_ARRAY__Z_CLEAR (1 << 30)
@@ -25,12 +27,14 @@ struct region_array_entry {
 
 // opaque list pointer offset: OPB size * tile index * 4
 
-void region_array(volatile uint32_t * buf,
-                  const uint32_t ol_base,
-                  const uint32_t width,  // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
+void region_array(const uint32_t width,  // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
                   const uint32_t height) // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
 {
-  volatile region_array_entry * region_array = reinterpret_cast<volatile region_array_entry *>(buf);
+  auto region_array = reinterpret_cast<volatile region_array_entry *>
+    (&texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::region_array.start / 4]);
+
+  const uint32_t ol_base = texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start;
+
   uint32_t ix = 0;
 
   // create a "dummy region array [item]" for CORE & TA-related bug #21:
@@ -66,13 +70,15 @@ void region_array(volatile uint32_t * buf,
   }
 }
 
-void region_array2(volatile uint32_t * buf,
-                   const uint32_t ol_base,
-                   const uint32_t width,  // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
+void region_array2(const uint32_t width,  // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
                    const uint32_t height, // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
                    const struct opb_size& opb_size)
 {
-  volatile region_array_entry * region_array = reinterpret_cast<volatile region_array_entry *>(buf);
+  auto region_array = reinterpret_cast<volatile region_array_entry *>
+    (&texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::region_array.start / 4]);
+
+  const uint32_t ol_base = texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start;
+
   const uint32_t num_tiles = width * height;
   uint32_t ix = 0;
 
@@ -101,29 +107,29 @@ void region_array2(volatile uint32_t * buf,
 
       region_array[ix].opaque_modifier_volume_list_pointer      = (opb_size.opaque_modifier      == 0) ? REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY :
                                                                   (ol_base + num_tiles * ( opb_size.opaque
-											 )
+                                                                                         )
                                                                            + (opb_size.opaque_modifier * tile_index)
                                                                    );
 
       region_array[ix].translucent_list_pointer                 = (opb_size.translucent          == 0) ? REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY :
                                                                   (ol_base + num_tiles * ( opb_size.opaque
-											 + opb_size.opaque_modifier
-											 )
+                                                                                         + opb_size.opaque_modifier
+                                                                                         )
                                                                            + (opb_size.translucent * tile_index)
                                                                    );
       region_array[ix].translucent_modifier_volume_list_pointer = (opb_size.translucent_modifier == 0) ? REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY :
                                                                   (ol_base + num_tiles * ( opb_size.opaque
-											 + opb_size.opaque_modifier
-											 + opb_size.translucent
-											 )
+                                                                                         + opb_size.opaque_modifier
+                                                                                         + opb_size.translucent
+                                                                                         )
                                                                            + (opb_size.translucent_modifier * tile_index)
                                                                    );
       region_array[ix].punch_through_list_pointer               = (opb_size.punch_through        == 0) ? REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY :
                                                                   (ol_base + num_tiles * ( opb_size.opaque
-											 + opb_size.opaque_modifier
-											 + opb_size.translucent
-											 + opb_size.translucent_modifier
-											 )
+                                                                                         + opb_size.opaque_modifier
+                                                                                         + opb_size.translucent
+                                                                                         + opb_size.translucent_modifier
+                                                                                         )
                                                                            + (opb_size.punch_through * tile_index)
                                                                    );
 
@@ -132,68 +138,71 @@ void region_array2(volatile uint32_t * buf,
   }
 }
 
-void region_array_multipass(volatile uint32_t * buf,
-                            const uint32_t ol_base,
-                            const uint32_t width,  // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
+void region_array_multipass(const uint32_t width,  // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
                             const uint32_t height, // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
+                            const struct opb_size * opb_size,
                             const uint32_t num_render_passes)
 {
-  volatile region_array_entry * region_array = reinterpret_cast<volatile region_array_entry *>(buf);
+  auto region_array = reinterpret_cast<volatile region_array_entry *>
+    (&texture_memory32[texture_memory_alloc::region_array.start / 4]);
+
+  const uint32_t num_tiles = width * height;
+  uint32_t ol_base[num_render_passes];
+
+  ol_base[0] = texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start;
+  for (uint32_t pass = 1; pass < num_render_passes; pass++) {
+    ol_base[pass] = ol_base[pass - 1] + num_tiles * opb_size[pass - 1].total();
+  }
+
   uint32_t ix = 0;
 
-  /*
-  // create a "dummy region array [item]" for CORE & TA-related bug #21:
-  //  "Misshapen tiles or missing tiles occur"
-  region_array[ix].tile = REGION_ARRAY__FLUSH_ACCUMULATE;
-  region_array[ix].opaque_list_pointer                      = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-  region_array[ix].opaque_modifier_volume_list_pointer      = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-  region_array[ix].translucent_list_pointer                 = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-  region_array[ix].translucent_modifier_volume_list_pointer = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-  region_array[ix].punch_through_list_pointer               = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-  ix += 1;
-  */
-
-  constexpr uint32_t list_opb_size = 16 * 4; // for a single OPB in bytes; this must match O_OPB in TA_ALLOC_CTRL
-  const uint32_t opb_render_pass_size = width * height * list_opb_size; // the sum of the size of all OPB for a single pass
-
   for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; y++) {
     for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+      for (uint32_t pass = 0; pass < num_render_passes; pass++) {
+        region_array[ix].tile = REGION_ARRAY__TILE_Y_POSITION(y)
+                              | REGION_ARRAY__TILE_X_POSITION(x);
 
-      region_array[ix].tile = REGION_ARRAY__TILE_Y_POSITION(y)
-                            | REGION_ARRAY__TILE_X_POSITION(x);
+        if (pass == (num_render_passes - 1) && y == (height - 1) && x == (width - 1))
+          region_array[ix].tile |= REGION_ARRAY__LAST_REGION;
 
-      /* 0x10 = FLUSH_ACCUMULATE
-         0x50 = FLUSH_ACCUMULATE | Z_CLEAR
-         0x40 = Z_CLEAR
-      */
-
-      for (uint32_t render_pass = 0; render_pass < num_render_passes; render_pass++) {
-        if (render_pass != (num_render_passes - 1))
+        if (pass != (num_render_passes - 1))
           region_array[ix].tile |= REGION_ARRAY__FLUSH_ACCUMULATE;
 
-        if (render_pass > 0)
+        if (pass > 0)
           region_array[ix].tile |= REGION_ARRAY__Z_CLEAR;
 
         uint32_t tile_index = y * width + x;
-        uint32_t pass_ol_base = ol_base + (opb_render_pass_size * render_pass);
-        if (render_pass == 0) {
-          region_array[ix].opaque_list_pointer                      = pass_ol_base + (list_opb_size * tile_index);
-          region_array[ix].opaque_modifier_volume_list_pointer      = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-          region_array[ix].translucent_list_pointer                 = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-          region_array[ix].translucent_modifier_volume_list_pointer = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-          region_array[ix].punch_through_list_pointer               = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-        } else {
-          // (list_opb_size * width * height) +
-          region_array[ix].opaque_list_pointer                      = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-          region_array[ix].opaque_modifier_volume_list_pointer      = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-          region_array[ix].translucent_list_pointer                 = pass_ol_base + (list_opb_size * tile_index);
-          region_array[ix].translucent_modifier_volume_list_pointer = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-          region_array[ix].punch_through_list_pointer               = REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY;
-        }
+        region_array[ix].opaque_list_pointer                      = (opb_size[pass].opaque               == 0) ? REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY :
+                                                                    (ol_base[pass] + (opb_size[pass].opaque * tile_index)
+                                                                     );
 
-        if (y == (height - 1) && x == (width - 1))
-          region_array[ix].tile |= REGION_ARRAY__LAST_REGION;
+        region_array[ix].opaque_modifier_volume_list_pointer      = (opb_size[pass].opaque_modifier      == 0) ? REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY :
+                                                                    (ol_base[pass] + num_tiles * ( opb_size[pass].opaque
+                                                                                                 )
+                                                                                   + (opb_size[pass].opaque_modifier * tile_index)
+                                                                     );
 
+        region_array[ix].translucent_list_pointer                 = (opb_size[pass].translucent          == 0) ? REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY :
+                                                                    (ol_base[pass] + num_tiles * ( opb_size[pass].opaque
+                                                                                                 + opb_size[pass].opaque_modifier
+                                                                                                 )
+                                                                                   + (opb_size[pass].translucent * tile_index)
+                                                                     );
+        region_array[ix].translucent_modifier_volume_list_pointer = (opb_size[pass].translucent_modifier == 0) ? REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY :
+                                                                    (ol_base[pass] + num_tiles * ( opb_size[pass].opaque
+                                                                                                 + opb_size[pass].opaque_modifier
+                                                                                                 + opb_size[pass].translucent
+                                                                                                 )
+                                                                                   + (opb_size[pass].translucent_modifier * tile_index)
+                                                                     );
+        region_array[ix].punch_through_list_pointer               = (opb_size[pass].punch_through        == 0) ? REGION_ARRAY__LIST_POINTER__EMPTY :
+                                                                    (ol_base[pass] + num_tiles * ( opb_size[pass].opaque
+                                                                                                 + opb_size[pass].opaque_modifier
+                                                                                                 + opb_size[pass].translucent
+                                                                                                 + opb_size[pass].translucent_modifier
+                                                                                                 )
+                                                                                   + (opb_size[pass].punch_through * tile_index)
+                                                                     );
         ix += 1;
       }
     }
diff --git a/holly/region_array.hpp b/holly/region_array.hpp
index 0f4a82d..a787cdd 100644
--- a/holly/region_array.hpp
+++ b/holly/region_array.hpp
@@ -19,19 +19,14 @@ struct opb_size {
   }
 };
 
-void region_array(volatile uint32_t * buf,
-		  const uint32_t ol_base,
-		  const uint32_t width,   // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
+void region_array(const uint32_t width,   // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
 		  const uint32_t height); // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
 
-void region_array2(volatile uint32_t * buf,
-                   const uint32_t ol_base,
-                   const uint32_t width,  // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
+void region_array2(const uint32_t width,  // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
                    const uint32_t height, // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
                    const struct opb_size& opb_size);
 
-void region_array_multipass(volatile uint32_t * buf,
-			    const uint32_t ol_base,
-			    const uint32_t width,  // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
-			    const uint32_t height, // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
-			    const uint32_t num_render_passes);
+void region_array_multipass(const uint32_t width,  // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
+                            const uint32_t height, // in tile units (1 tile unit = 32 pixels)
+                            const struct opb_size * opb_size,
+                            const uint32_t num_render_passes);
diff --git a/holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.cpp b/holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.cpp
index db89a49..1c671c3 100644
--- a/holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.cpp
+++ b/holly/ta_fifo_polygon_converter.cpp
@@ -29,12 +29,11 @@ void ta_polygon_converter_init(uint32_t opb_total_size, // for one tile, for all
   holly.TA_ALLOC_CTRL = ta_alloc_ctrl::opb_mode::increasing_addresses
                       | ta_alloc;
 
-  holly.TA_ISP_BASE = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, isp_tsp_parameters));
-  holly.TA_ISP_LIMIT = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list)); // the end of isp_tsp_parameters
-  holly.TA_OL_BASE = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list));
-  holly.TA_OL_LIMIT = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, _res0)); // the end of the object_list
-  holly.TA_NEXT_OPB_INIT = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list))
-                         + ta_next_opb_offset;
+  holly.TA_ISP_BASE = texture_memory_alloc::isp_tsp_parameters.start;
+  holly.TA_ISP_LIMIT = texture_memory_alloc::isp_tsp_parameters.end; // the end of isp_tsp_parameters
+  holly.TA_OL_BASE = texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start;
+  holly.TA_OL_LIMIT = texture_memory_alloc::object_list.end; // the end of the object_list
+  holly.TA_NEXT_OPB_INIT = texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start + ta_next_opb_offset;
 
   holly.TA_LIST_INIT = ta_list_init::list_init;
 
@@ -47,8 +46,7 @@ void ta_polygon_converter_cont(uint32_t ol_base_offset,
 {
   holly.TA_ALLOC_CTRL = ta_alloc_ctrl::opb_mode::increasing_addresses
                       | ta_alloc;
-  holly.TA_OL_BASE = (offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, object_list))
-                   + ol_base_offset;
+  holly.TA_OL_BASE = texture_memory_alloc::object_list.start + ol_base_offset;
 
   holly.TA_LIST_CONT = ta_list_cont::list_cont;
 
diff --git a/holly/texture_memory_alloc.hpp b/holly/texture_memory_alloc.hpp
index 973dd30..3330b60 100644
--- a/holly/texture_memory_alloc.hpp
+++ b/holly/texture_memory_alloc.hpp
@@ -1,30 +1,82 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
 
 /*
-  object_list[0x00100000 / 4] is enough space for 54 sets of
-  19200-byte lists (16 * 4 * (640 / 32) * (480 / 32))
+ * A 0x10000-byte region array is sufficient for 9 render passes:
+ *
+ *   ((640 / 32) * (480 / 32) * 6 * 4) * 9 == 0xfd20
+ */
 
-  (that is, it is significantly more space than required for trivial
-  TA/CORE drawings)
+namespace texture_memory_alloc {
 
-  region-array[0x00004000 / 4] is enough space for 2 render passes.
-  (640 // 32) * (480 // 32) * 6 * 4 * 2 == 0x3840
-  (640 // 32) * (512 // 32) * 6 * 4 * 2 == 0x3c00
-  (512 // 32) * (512 // 32) * 6 * 4 * 2 == 0x3000
-*/
+constexpr uint32_t address_64to32(uint32_t addr)
+{
+  uint32_t value = ((addr & 0xfffffff8) >> 1) + (addr & 0x3);
+  if ((addr & 0x4) != 0)
+    value += 0x400000;
+  if (addr >= 0x800000)
+    value += 0x400000;
+  return value;
+}
 
-struct texture_memory_alloc {
-  uint32_t isp_tsp_parameters[0x00100000 / 4]; // TA_ISP_BASE / PARAM_BASE (the actual objects)
-  uint32_t        object_list[0x00100000 / 4]; // TA_OL_BASE (contains object pointer blocks)
-  uint32_t              _res0[      0x20 / 4]; // (the TA may clobber 4 bytes starting at TA_OL_LIMIT)
-  uint32_t       region_array[0x00004000 / 4]; // REGION_BASE
-  uint32_t         background[0x00000040 / 4]; // ISP_BACKGND_T
-  uint32_t     framebuffer[2][0x00096000 / 4]; // FB_R_SOF1 / FB_W_SOF1
-  uint32_t              _res1[      0x20 / 4]; // (re-align texture to a 64-byte boundary)
-  uint16_t   texturebuffer[512 * 512 * 2 / 2];
-  uint16_t         texture[128 * 128 * 2 / 2]; // texture_control_word::texture_address
+struct start_end {
+  uint32_t start;
+  uint32_t end;
 };
 
-static_assert((sizeof (texture_memory_alloc)) < 0x1000000);
+// 32-bit transfer
+constexpr start_end isp_tsp_parameters = {
+  .start = address_64to32(0x00'0000),
+  .end   = address_64to32(0x00'0000) + 0x10'0000,        // next: 0x20'0000
+};
+constexpr start_end object_list = {
+  .start = address_64to32(0x00'0004),
+  .end   = address_64to32(0x00'0004) + 0x10'0000 - 0x20, // next: 0x20'0004
+};
+constexpr start_end framebuffer[2] = {
+  {
+    .start = address_64to32(0x20'0000),
+    .end   = address_64to32(0x20'0000) + 0x9'6000, // next: 0x32'c000
+  },
+  {
+    .start = address_64to32(0x20'0004),
+    .end   = address_64to32(0x20'0004) + 0x9'6000, // next: 0x32'c004
+  }
+};
+constexpr start_end background = {
+  .start = address_64to32(0x32'c000),
+  .end   = address_64to32(0x32'c000) + 0x40,     // next: 0x32'c080
+};
+constexpr start_end region_array = {
+  .start = address_64to32(0x32'c080),
+  .end   = address_64to32(0x32'c080) + 0x1'0000, // next: 0x34'c080
+};
+
+// 64-bit transfer
+constexpr start_end texture = {
+  .start = 0x40'0000,
+  .end   = 0x80'0000,
+};
+
+}
+
+/*
+  struct texture_memory_alloc {
+  union {
+  struct {
+  uint32_t isp_tsp_parameters[0x0010'0000 / 4]; // TA_ISP_BASE / PARAM_BASE (the actual objects)
+  uint32_t        object_list[0x0010'0000 / 4]; // TA_OL_BASE (contains object pointer blocks)
+  uint32_t              _res0[      0x20 * 2 / 4]; // (the TA may clobber 4 bytes starting at TA_OL_LIMIT)
+  uint32_t         background[0x00000040 * 2 / 4]; // ISP_BACKGND_T
+  uint32_t       region_array[0x00004000 * 2 / 4]; // REGION_BASE
+  uint32_t     framebuffer[2][0x0009'6000 * 2 / 4]; // FB_R_SOF1 / FB_W_SOF1
+  };
+  uint32_t bank0[0x400000 / 4];
+  };
+  uint16_t              texture[0x200000 / 2]; // texture_control_word::texture_address
+  };
+  static_assert((sizeof (texture_memory_alloc)) <= 0x800000);
+  //static_assert((offsetof (struct texture_memory_alloc, texture)) == 0x400000);
+  */
diff --git a/loader.lds b/loader.lds
index d214943..3041900 100644
--- a/loader.lds
+++ b/loader.lds
@@ -54,6 +54,15 @@ SECTIONS
     . = ALIGN(4);
   } > ldram
 
+  .text.vbr ALIGN(4) : SUBALIGN(4)
+  {
+    KEEP(*(.vbr.100))
+    . = ALIGN(0x300);
+    KEEP(*(.vbr.400))
+    . = ALIGN(0x200);
+    KEEP(*(.vbr.600))
+  } > p1ram
+
   INCLUDE "debug.lds"
 }
 __stack_reservation = 0x0000;
diff --git a/memorymap.hpp b/memorymap.hpp
index 1d550ed..20d3f63 100644
--- a/memorymap.hpp
+++ b/memorymap.hpp
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ extern volatile uint32_t ta_fifo_texture_memory[0x800000] __asm("ta_fifo_texture
 extern volatile uint32_t ta_fifo_polygon_converter_mirror[0x800000] __asm("ta_fifo_polygon_converter_mirror");
 extern volatile uint32_t ta_fifo_yuv_converter_mirror[0x800000] __asm("ta_fifo_yuv_converter_mirror");
 extern volatile uint32_t ta_fifo_texture_memory_mirror[0x800000] __asm("ta_fifo_texture_memory_mirror");
-extern volatile uint32_t store_queue[0x4000000] __asm("store_queue");
+extern uint32_t store_queue[0x4000000] __asm("store_queue");
diff --git a/palette.hpp b/palette.hpp
index 061f301..46069a8 100644
--- a/palette.hpp
+++ b/palette.hpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "holly/core_bits.hpp"
+
 constexpr inline uint16_t rgb565(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b)
 {
   return ((r >> 3) << 11) | ((g >> 2) << 5) | ((b >> 3) << 0);
@@ -48,3 +50,13 @@ void palette_data<2>()
   holly.PALETTE_RAM[0] = 0x0000;
   holly.PALETTE_RAM[1] = 0xffff;
 }
+
+template <>
+void palette_data<3>()
+{
+  holly.PAL_RAM_CTRL = pal_ram_ctrl::pixel_format::argb1555;
+
+  holly.PALETTE_RAM[0] = 0x0000;
+  holly.PALETTE_RAM[1] = 0xffff;
+  holly.PALETTE_RAM[2] = 0x8000;
+}
diff --git a/sh7091/serial.cpp b/sh7091/serial.cpp
index 1233cac..6f4937f 100644
--- a/sh7091/serial.cpp
+++ b/sh7091/serial.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ void character(const char c)
   // wait for transmit fifo to become empty
   while ((sh7091.SCIF.SCFSR2 & scfsr2::tdfe::bit_mask) == 0);
 
-  for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
     asm volatile ("nop;");
   }
 
diff --git a/sh7091/storequeue.cpp b/sh7091/store_queue.hpp
similarity index 83%
rename from sh7091/storequeue.cpp
rename to sh7091/store_queue.hpp
index a5cfdda..5194be5 100644
--- a/sh7091/storequeue.cpp
+++ b/sh7091/store_queue.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
 #include "sh7091.hpp"
 #include "memorymap.hpp"
 
-void sq_transfer_32byte(volatile void * dst)
+static inline void sq_transfer_32byte(volatile void * dst)
 {
   // dst typically 0x10000000 (ta polygon converter)
   sh7091.CCN.QACR0 = ((reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(dst) >> 26) & 0b111) << 2;
@@ -10,11 +12,11 @@ void sq_transfer_32byte(volatile void * dst)
   asm volatile ("pref @%0"
 		:                       // output
 		: "r" (&store_queue[0]) // input
-		);
+		: "memory");
 }
 
 
-void sq_transfer_64byte(volatile void * dst)
+static inline void sq_transfer_64byte(volatile void * dst)
 {
   // dst typically 0x10000000 (ta polygon converter)
   sh7091.CCN.QACR0 = ((reinterpret_cast<uint32_t>(dst) >> 26) & 0b111) << 2;
@@ -24,11 +26,11 @@ void sq_transfer_64byte(volatile void * dst)
   asm volatile ("pref @%0"
 		:                       // output
 		: "r" (&store_queue[0]) // input
-		);
+		: "memory");
 
   // start 32-byte transfer from store queue 1 (SQ1) to QACR1
   asm volatile ("pref @%0"
 		:                       // output
 		: "r" (&store_queue[8]) // input
-		);
+		: "memory");
 }
diff --git a/sh7091/storequeue.hpp b/sh7091/storequeue.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index aae33bb..0000000
--- a/sh7091/storequeue.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-void sq_transfer_32byte(volatile void * dst);
-void sq_transfer_64byte(volatile void * dst);