diff --git a/x/gen.py b/x/gen.py
index 8ac99d6..c0ade31 100644
--- a/x/gen.py
+++ b/x/gen.py
@@ -18,15 +18,38 @@ def obj_value(obj):
 def obj_type(obj):
     return type(obj_value(obj))
 
+visitors = None
+def visit(func, obj):
+    global visitors
+    yield from visitors[obj_type(obj)](func, obj)
+
+def visit_none(func, obj):
+    return
+    yield # empty generator
+
 def visit_objects(func, obj):
-    print("vo", func)
-    yield func(obj)
+    yield from func(obj)
     for o in obj_value(obj).objects:
-        yield func(o)
+        yield from visit(func, o)
 
 def visit_self(func, obj):
-    print("vs", func)
-    yield func(obj)
+    yield from func(obj)
+
+tagged = {
+    templates.Header,
+    templates.Material,
+    templates.TextureFilename,
+    templates.Frame,
+    templates.FrameTransformMatrix,
+    templates.Mesh,
+    templates.MeshMaterialList,
+    templates.MeshNormals,
+    templates.MeshTextureCoords,
+    templates.AnimationKey,
+    templates.AnimationOptions,
+    templates.Animation,
+    templates.AnimationSet,
+}
 
 visitors = {
     templates.ColorRGBA            : visit_self,
@@ -35,7 +58,7 @@ visitors = {
     templates.Vector               : visit_self,
     templates.MeshFace             : visit_self,
     templates.Coords2D             : visit_self,
-    templates.Reference            : visit_self,
+    templates.Reference            : visit_none,
     templates.FloatKeys            : visit_self,
     templates.TimedFloatKeys       : visit_self,
 
@@ -80,75 +103,209 @@ type_map = {
     templates.AnimationSet         : "animation_set",
 }
 
-type_counter = Counter()
-def name_gen(obj):
-    global type_counter
-    assert type(obj) is not tuple
-    i = type_counter[type(obj)]
-    type_counter[type(obj)] += 1
-    return i
-
 name_map = {}
+obj_map = {}
 def add_name_map(obj):
     if type(obj) is not tuple:
         return
 
     name, obj = obj
     assert name not in name_map, name
-    name_map[name] = obj
+    name_map[id(obj)] = name.decode("utf-8")
+    obj_map[name] = obj
     yield None
 
-def type_declaration(obj):
+type_counter = Counter()
+obj_names = {}
+def name_gen(obj):
+    global type_counter
+    global obj_names
+
+    assert type(obj) is not tuple
+
+    if id(obj) in name_map:
+        return name_map[id(obj)]
+    elif id(obj) in obj_names:
+        return obj_names[id(obj)]
+    else:
+        i = type_counter[obj_type(obj)]
+        type_counter[obj_type(obj)] += 1
+        obj_names[id(obj)] = i
+        return i
+
+def get_obj_name(obj):
     type_name = type_map[obj_type(obj)]
     if type(obj) is tuple:
         name, _ = obj
         string_name = name.decode('utf-8')
     else:
         string_name = name_gen(obj)
-    return f"const {type_name} {type_name}_{string_name}"
+    return f"{type_name}_{string_name}"
 
-def generate_predeclaration(obj):
-    if type(obj) is not tuple:
-        return
+def type_declaration(obj):
+    type_name = type_map[obj_type(obj)]
+    string_name = get_obj_name(obj)
+    return f"const {type_name} {string_name}"
 
-    yield f"{type_declaration(obj)};"
-
-def generate_header(obj):
-    yield f"{type_declaration(obj)} {{"
+def generate_vec3(name, name2, vertices):
+    yield f"vec3 {name}_{name2}[] = {{"
+    for v in vertices:
+        coordinates = f"{v.x}, {v.y}, {v.z}"
+        yield f"{{{coordinates}}},"
     yield "};"
 
-def generate_definition(obj):
-    if obj_type(obj) is templates.Header:
-        yield from generate_header(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.Material:
-        yield from generate_material(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.TextureFilename:
-        yield from generate_texture_filename(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.Frame:
-        yield from generate_frame(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.FrameTransformMatrix:
-        yield from generate_frame_transform_matrix(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.Mesh:
-        yield from generate_mesh(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.MeshMaterialList:
-        yield from generate_mesh_material_list(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.MeshNormals:
-        yield from generate_mesh_normals(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.MeshTextureCoords:
-        yield from generate_mesh_texture_coords(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.AnimationKey:
-        yield from generate_animation_key(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.AnimationOptions:
-        yield from generate_animation_options(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.Animation:
-        yield from generate_animation(obj)
-    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.AnimationSet:
-        yield from generate_animation_set(obj)
-    else:
-        assert False, (type(obj), obj)
+def generate_faces(name, faces):
+    yield f"struct mesh_face {name}_faces[] = {{"
+    for f in faces:
+        assert f.nFaceVertexIndices == 3
+        indices = f"{', '.join(map(str, f.faceVertexIndices))}"
+        yield f"{{{indices}}},"
+    yield "};"
 
-def visit(func, obj):
-    yield from visitors[obj_type(obj)](func, obj)
+def generate_face_indices(name, face_indices):
+    yield f"int {name}_face_indices[] = {{"
+    for i in face_indices:
+        yield f"{i},"
+    yield "};"
+
+def generate_predeclaration(obj):
+    name = get_obj_name(obj)
+    if obj_type(obj) is templates.Mesh:
+        yield from generate_vec3(name, "vertices", obj_value(obj).vertices)
+        yield from generate_faces(name, obj_value(obj).faces)
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.MeshMaterialList:
+        yield from generate_face_indices(name, obj_value(obj).faceIndices)
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.MeshNormals:
+        yield from generate_vec3(name, "normals", obj_value(obj).normals)
+
+    yield f"extern {type_declaration(obj)};"
+
+def generate_header(obj):
+    yield f".major = {obj.major},"
+    yield f".minor = {obj.minor},"
+    yield f".flags = {obj.flags},"
+
+def generate_material(obj):
+    face_color = f"{obj.faceColor.r}f, {obj.faceColor.g}f, {obj.faceColor.b}f, {obj.faceColor.a}f"
+    specular_color = f"{obj.specularColor.r}f, {obj.specularColor.g}f, {obj.specularColor.b}f"
+    emissive_color = f"{obj.emissiveColor.r}f, {obj.emissiveColor.g}f, {obj.emissiveColor.b}f"
+    yield f".face_color = {{{face_color}}},"
+    yield f".power = {obj.power}f,"
+    yield f".specular_color = {{{specular_color}}},"
+    yield f".emissive_color = {{{emissive_color}}},"
+
+def generate_texture_filename(obj):
+    yield ""
+
+def generate_frame(obj):
+    return
+    yield # empty generator function
+
+def generate_frame_transform_matrix(obj):
+    yield ".frame_matrix = {"
+    m = obj.frameMatrix.v
+    # transpose matrix from column-major to row-major
+    yield f"{m[0]}, {m[4]}, {m[8]}, {m[12]},"
+    yield f"{m[1]}, {m[5]}, {m[9]}, {m[13]},"
+    yield f"{m[2]}, {m[6]}, {m[10]}, {m[14]},"
+    yield f"{m[3]}, {m[7]}, {m[11]}, {m[15]},"
+    yield "},"
+
+def generate_mesh(obj):
+    name = get_obj_name(obj)
+    yield f".n_vertices = {obj.nVertices},"
+    yield f".vertices = {name}_vertices,"
+    yield f".n_faces = {obj.nFaces},"
+    yield f".faces = {name}_faces,"
+
+def generate_mesh_material_list(obj):
+    name = get_obj_name(obj)
+    yield f".n_materials = {obj.nMaterials},"
+    yield f".n_face_indices = {obj.nFaceIndices},"
+    yield f".face_indices = {name}_face_indices,"
+
+def generate_mesh_normals(obj):
+    name = get_obj_name(obj)
+    yield f".n_normals = {obj.nNormals},"
+    yield f".normals = {name}_normals,"
+    yield f".n_face_normals = {obj.nFaceNormals},"
+
+def generate_mesh_texture_coords(obj):
+    yield f".n_texture_coords = {obj.nTextureCoords},"
+    yield f".texture_coords = {{"
+    for tc in obj.textureCoords:
+        coordinates = f"{tc.u}, {tc.v}"
+        yield f"{{{coordinates}}},"
+    yield "},"
+
+def generate_animation_key(obj):
+    yield f".key_type = {obj.keyType},"
+    yield f".n_keys = {obj.nKeys},"
+    yield ".keys = {"
+    yield "// not implemented"
+    yield "},"
+
+def generate_animation_options(obj):
+    yield f".open_closed = {obj.openClosed},"
+    yield f".position_quality = {obj.positionQuality},"
+
+def generate_animation(obj):
+    return
+    yield
+
+def generate_animation_set(obj):
+    return
+    yield
+
+def generate_definition(obj):
+    yield f"{type_declaration(obj)} = {{"
+
+    if obj_type(obj) in tagged:
+        yield f".tag = tag::{type_map[obj_type(obj)]},"
+
+    if obj_type(obj) is templates.Header:
+        yield from generate_header(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.Material:
+        yield from generate_material(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.TextureFilename:
+        yield from generate_texture_filename(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.Frame:
+        yield from generate_frame(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.FrameTransformMatrix:
+        yield from generate_frame_transform_matrix(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.Mesh:
+        yield from generate_mesh(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.MeshMaterialList:
+        yield from generate_mesh_material_list(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.MeshNormals:
+        yield from generate_mesh_normals(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.MeshTextureCoords:
+        yield from generate_mesh_texture_coords(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.AnimationKey:
+        yield from generate_animation_key(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.AnimationOptions:
+        yield from generate_animation_options(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.Animation:
+        yield from generate_animation(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.AnimationSet:
+        yield from generate_animation_set(obj_value(obj))
+    elif obj_type(obj) is templates.Reference:
+        # do nothing
+        pass
+    else:
+        assert False, (obj_type(obj), obj)
+
+    if visitors[obj_type(obj)] is visit_objects:
+        yield ""
+        yield ".objects = {"
+        for o in obj_value(obj).objects:
+            if obj_type(o) == templates.Reference:
+                reference_name = obj_value(o).name
+                o = obj_map[reference_name]
+            yield f"reinterpret_cast<const data_object *>(&{get_obj_name(o)}),"
+        yield "}"
+
+    yield "};"
 
 def visit_all(func, objects):
     for obj in objects:
@@ -165,6 +322,5 @@ objects = list(parse_all(TokenReader(buf)))
 _ = list(visit_all(add_name_map, objects))
 
 render, out = generate.renderer()
-for i in gen(objects):
-    print("line", i)
+render(gen(objects))
 print(out.getvalue())
diff --git a/x/generate.py b/x/generate.py
index 2871189..56b028d 100644
--- a/x/generate.py
+++ b/x/generate.py
@@ -7,15 +7,16 @@ def should_autonewline(line):
         and (len(line.split()) < 2 or line.split()[1] != '=') # hacky; meh
     )
 
-def _render(out, lines):
+def _render(out, lines, level=0):
     indent = " "
-    level = 0
     for l in lines:
         if l and (l[0] == "}" or l[0] == ")"):
             level -= 2
             assert level >= 0, out.getvalue()
 
-        if len(l) == 0:
+        if type(l) is tuple:
+            line_fifo.append(l)
+        elif len(l) == 0:
             out.write("\n")
         else:
             out.write(indent * level + l + "\n")
diff --git a/x/x.hpp b/x/x.hpp
index 635e44a..1591f9d 100644
--- a/x/x.hpp
+++ b/x/x.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* primitives */
 struct mesh_face {
-  int nfacevertexindices;
-  int facevertexindices[];
+  //int n_face_vertex_indices;
+  int face_vertex_indices[3];
 };
 
 struct float_keys {
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ struct header {
 
 struct material {
   enum tag tag;
-  vec4 facecolor;
+  vec4 face_color;
   float power;
-  vec3 specularcolor;
-  vec3 emissivecolor;
-  struct data_object * objects[];
+  vec3 specular_color;
+  vec3 emissive_color;
+  const data_object * objects[];
 };
 
 struct texture_filename {
@@ -56,21 +56,21 @@ struct texture_filename {
 
 struct frame {
   enum tag tag;
-  struct data_object * objects[];
+  const data_object * objects[];
 };
 
 struct frame_transform_matrix {
   enum tag tag;
-  mat4x4 framematrix;
+  mat4x4 frame_matrix;
 };
 
 struct mesh {
   enum tag tag;
-  int nvertices;
+  int n_vertices;
   vec3 * vertices;
-  int nfaces;
+  int n_faces;
   struct mesh_face * faces;
-  struct data_object * objects[];
+  const data_object * objects[];
 };
 
 struct mesh_material_list {
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ struct mesh_material_list {
   int n_materials;
   int n_face_indices;
   int * face_indices;
-  struct data_object * objects[];
+  const data_object * objects[];
 };
 
 struct mesh_normals {
@@ -110,12 +110,12 @@ struct animation_options {
 
 struct animation {
   enum tag tag;
-  struct data_object * objects[];
+  const data_object * objects[];
 };
 
 struct animation_set {
   enum tag tag;
-  struct data_object * objects[];
+  const data_object * objects[];
 };
 
 struct data_object {